Self Disclosure Counsel in Revealing Psychological Problems (Study On Online Counseling Service Counselives)

People with psychological problems generally find it difficult to express themselves and have poor communication skills. This research focuses on the counselor's self-disclosure in revealing his psychological problems in online counseling services. The research used a qualitative approach with descriptive research type. Data collection techniques using interviews, observation, documentation, and literature study. This research uses the concept of self-disclosure as well as the theory of the Johari Window and Communication Privacy Management. The results showed that the main factors that influence the counselee's self-disclosure are listeners and channels. The counselee's trust in the listener and the response given by the listener is the counselee's consideration. The channel factor in the form of a disinhibition effect affects the counselor's self-disclosure in online counseling services. The supporting factors for self-disclosure were found, namely the topic. The reasons for the counselor's self-disclosure include the tendency of dangerous psychological problems, physical pain, complaints, emotional support, asking for help, and psychological control. The counselor tends to get positive effects from self-disclosure such as catharsis, self-knowledge, and self-acceptance. The effects felt different for each individual, a negative effect was found in the form of vulnerability.


INTRODUCTION
Mental health or mental health contributes to the health and development of individuals.
Psychological problems such as excessive anxiety, stress, depression, addictive behavior, sleep disorders and other behavioral problems have a tendency to become mental health disorders or dangerous mental disorders.In Indonesia, health problems have become a serious disease burden.
Based on the 2018 Riskesdas results report, it is known that the prevalence of emotional mental disorders, namely conditions that indicate a person is experiencing psychological changes which may be a normal condition, but can also be a pathological condition in the Indonesian population, has a percentage of 9.8%.(IndonesianMinistry of Health 2021) Topics regarding psychological problems are taboo topics to discuss.HatiPlong CEO, Farah Djalal explained that negative stigma in society still influences most people to go to a psychologis t (Kurniawan and Sulistyarini 2016;Priyantini, Nursalam, and Sukartini 2021).This can make self-disclosure difficult for people who have psychological problems.
In general, self-disclosure can be defined as a type of communication in which an individual reveals information about himself that he usually hides.(DeVito 2018(DeVito , 2019) ) For someone who has psychological problems, there will be bad consequences if there is no selfdisclosure, for example being reluctant to communicate the problems they are experiencing through counseling and closing themselves off when experiencing psychological problems.
However, individuals with psychological problems generally have vulnerabilities and complex considerations when deciding whether to disclose themselves regarding the problems they are experiencing.
The high prevalence of mental health problems including psychological and emotional causes many mental health survivors to need professional help (psychologists/counselors) in dealing with these problems.The emergence of online counseling services can help individuals with psychological problems.In research conducted by Arjadi et.al, it was revealed that 73.3% of participants from the general adult population in Indonesia stated that they were open to using online psychological interventions as a substitute for face-to-face psychological interventions for treating depression.(Arjadi, Nauta, and Bockting 2018) Currently, online counseling services in Indonesia are quite diverse.For example, Riliv, Halodoc, Klee, Ibunda.id, and others.The media used in online counseling can be text messages, telephone and video calls.
In the counseling process with a counselor, there is an act of self-disclosure by the counselee through interpersonal communication between the counselee and the counselor.
However, one of the problems with self-disclosure in online counseling is that there is a certain fear.In Indonesia, mental health problems are often associated with a negative stigma.This is because Indonesian people have low awareness/knowledge of mental health problems.Therefore, individuals as owners of information will of course consider a number of things and be careful when disclosing themselves regarding the psychological problems they are experiencing.This is the background that this research was conducted in Indonesia by interviewing clients consisting of clients domiciled in Bali, West Java, South Kalimantan, DI Yogyakarta and Central Java.So researchers are interested in raising the research title "Consider Self-Disclosure in Disclosing Psychological Problems (Study of Online Counseling Service Counselors in Indonesia).The aim of the research is to find out how clients express their psychological problems in online counseling services.The concept of self-disclosure analyzed includes factors and reasons that influence self-disclosure as well as post-self-disclosure effects.

RESEARCH METHODS
The research uses a qualitative approach with a quasi-qualitative research type.
In this case, the researcher describes how self-disclosure is carried out by the counselee in expressing his psychological problems.The researchers analyzed and described the influencing factors, the reasons that encouraged them and the perceived effects on counselees' self-disclosure in online counseling services.
The research object in this research isCounselee self-disclosure in disclosing psychological problems in online counseling services.
The type of data in this research is a general description of the research object.Data sources in this research include primary data obtained by researchers in the form of interviews with key informants and supporters.Meanwhile, researchers obtained secondary data through books, journals, news and online publications.Whereas, supporting informants are clinical psychologists and psychology academics.

Findings
The research was conducted on online counseling service counselees in Indonesia, namely informants CA, ZG, ZOE, D and AFA.The researchers found that the counselees lived in West Java, Bali, DI Yogyakarta, Central Java and South Kalimantan.Online counseling services used by clients include Riliv, Ibunda.id,KLEE, Halodoc and Kalm.Interviews were also conducted with supporting informants, namely Ni Made Putri Ariyanti M.Psi.as a Clinical Psychologist at one of the online counseling services and Rahmi Fauzia, MA, Psi. as a psychology academic at Lambung Mangkurat University.

Informant Profile
CA informantis a 23 year old woman.Based on CA's statement, he was diagnosed with anxiety and a traumatic disorder.Anxiety causes excessive feelings of worry, anxiety or fear that interfere with daily activities.
Informant ZG is a 20 year old female teenager.Based on ZG's account, he was diagnosed with Mood Disorder.He experiences depressive moods such as sadness, emptiness, and loss of hope.ZG said that he had wanted to try self-harm and thought about ending his life.ZOE's informant is a 29 year old woman.The psychological problems he experienced affected his performance at work.In fact, this causes psychosomatics where physical symptoms arise as a result of thoughts and emotions.At that time he experienced shortness of breath, disturbed sleep, felt cramped and stuffy when in his bedroom even though the room provided enough space.
Informant D is a 25 year old man.Based on D's information, the psychological problems he experienced led him to be diagnosed by a psychiatrist, namely mild depression.His body and mind do not function well so it is difficult to do things.He always felt tired and had no energy.
The AFA informant is a 22 year old man.He experiences mood swings.In fact, he has done self-harm or injured himself.Thoughts of self-harm continued to emerge during his depressive period.

Factor Which Influences Counselees' Self-Disclosure in Disclosing Psychological Problems in Online Counseling Services
The process of self-disclosure does not happen easily, especially if it is related to someone's problems.According to DeVito (DeVito 2018(DeVito , 2019) ) Factors that can influence self-dislosure include: individual character, cultural background, gender, listener character, and topic and channel.Based on interviews obtained from seven research informants including key informants and supporters, it was found that not all of the factors mentioned by DeVito influenced the counselee's self-disclosure process in online counseling services.However, several factors were found that influenced self-disclosure by counselees in online counseling services in disclosing their psychological problems.
First, in the self-disclosure carried out by the counselee in the online counseling service, the counselee will select and determine the audience.In this case, the listener is the main consideration in influencing the counselee's self-disclosure.Who the information regarding the individual is given to is important, therefore the counselee has trust in the listener.The counselee chooses a listener, namely a counselor/psychologist with preferences that suit him.These preferences include many things such as age, experience, gender, educational background, satisfaction indicators and others.
Not only from the perspective of the counselee's trust in the listener, researchers assume that the counselee tends to consider the listener's response.Initially, informants will consider what response they get when they reveal themselves.After that, the counselee will consider whether or not they can continue the disclosure.For example, for informant D, his experience of conducting online counseling twice with listeners and different responses led him to different self-disclosures.
Second, the channels used by clients can influence self-disclosure.In this research, counselees explained that they could disclose themselves via text messages, telephone calls or video calls.Each counselee has reasons for using the media he chooses.Clients seem to feel freer and express themselves more openly.Researchers found a disinhibition effect in the counselee's self-disclosure process in online counseling services.Joinson (2007) explains the disinhibition effect that simply put, people seem to reveal high levels of personal information when interacting on the Internet.(Dino et al. 2023;Joinson 2007) Several informants indicated that part of the disinhibition effect was anonymity.Where, the client assumes that the counselor cannot easily find out who he really is.The counselee

Individual and Relational Reasons that Drive Counselees' Self-Dislosure in Disclosing Psychological Problems in Online Counseling Services
Based on the results of research regarding the reasons for counselees' self-disclosure in disclosing psychological problems, it was found that the counselees' self-disclosure process could be linked to West et.al's reasons for self-disclosure (2010) and Setlle ( 2018).The research results show that counselees have certain reasons for disclosing themselves regarding the psychological problems they experience in online counseling services.It was found that the counselees' reasons for self-disclosure regarding their psychological problems in online counseling services were individual reasons that were continuous with relational reasons.
Psychological problems that tend to become serious mental problems are the reasons that encourage the counselee's self-disclosure.This causes negative feelings, inability to overcome problems, loneliness and other disturbing psychological conditions.In fact, for some informants, their psychological problems gave rise to thoughts of hurting or injuring themselves.Likewise with the AFA informant where this problem caused him to do self-harm, he deliberately hurt or injured himself because of negative impulses or thoughts.
The next reason is that physical health is disturbed due to the psychological problems experienced.Jourard(1958)explains that self-disclosure can improve an individual's physical health and failure to self-disclose can lead to poor health.(West, Turner, and Zhao 2010) The physical pain felt by informant ZOE, namely shortness of breath and other psychological disorders that had an impact on his physical body, prompted him to self-disclose.
Not only is the psychological condition better, researchers found another reason for the client's psychological control.The counselee explained that the reason behind him doing counseling was to be able to control his psychological condition.When the client has mental defenses, he can control his psychological condition.All the counselees also emphasized that the reason they opened themselves up in online counseling was to get an idea of themselves.
Then, researchers saw that the reason that encouraged counselees to carry out selfdisclosure in online counseling services was to find a place to complain.Initially, clients tend to close themselves off and keep their feelings hidden.In fact, several others faced confusion about telling this and several others stated that they did not have friends to tell the story to.In this case, Rahmi (psychological academic) explained that individuals with psychological problems need a "trash can" to throw away their thoughts, feelings and problems.
were able to acknowledge and accept parts of themselves, especially their psychological conditions including feelings, behavior and thoughts after disclosing themselves in online counseling services.
In contrast to one of the informants, namely ZOE, he felt vulnerable after revealing himself to an online counseling service.Self-disclosure for ZOE informants has a negative tendency compared to positive aspects.ZOE felt no significant effect after revealing herself.
Before disclosing himself through online counseling, informant ZOE thought that the psychological problems he was experiencing were trivial to other people.Vulnerability emerged after he disclosed himself in an online counseling service, he believed that the problem he was experiencing was trivial.Researchers see that the effect felt by the counselee depends on the situation of the counselee's self-disclosure and the listener's response.

Services
Counselee self-disclosure in online counseling services is a quite complex topic.Where, as we know, people with psychological problems generally have communication disorders.This was explained by Rahmi (a psychology academic) that communication skills are abilities that involve cognitive aspects, therefore someone who experiences psychological disorders or problems will have poor communication skills.
However, the research results showed that all informants tried to open themselves when communicating with counselors/psychologists in online counseling services.The key informants, namely the counselees, tend to open up as they are even though they have their own personal boundaries.In this case, the counselee discloses personal information such as expressing feelings, psychological and physical symptoms experienced, traumatic experiences, relationships with family and sharing information about daily life related to the counselee's psychological problems.informant who only provided information via text messages so that he could not be seen physically or audibly, this was done to protect his identity more deeply.The reason that makes clients use communication privacy management is a feeling of comfort with the vulnerability they are experiencing In risk-benefit, the counselee has a collective boundary with the counselor as a previously agreed limit of trust.In this case, the counseling service has provided terms and conditions regarding user data.This means that the client has trust in the counselor as a co-owner of the information.However, clients also consider the risks and benefits of self-disclosure.

CONCLUSION
The counselee's self-disclosure process in online counseling services is influenced by several factors.The main factors that influence this process are listeners and channels.The supporting factors are topics, where painful topics are generally difficult for clients with psychological problems to express.The reasons that encourage clients to carry out self-disclosure in online counseling services include individual and relational reasons.These reasons include, the psychological problems experienced tend to become dangerous mental problems, physical pain, complaints, emotional support, asking for help, and psychological control.The effect of the counselee's self-disclosure tends to have a positive aspect after the self-disclosure takes place.
Positive effects include feelings of relief (catharsis), knowing yourself, and self-acceptance.A negative effect was also found on one of the informants in the form of vulnerability after selfdisclosure.The response given by the counselor is one of the causes of the counselee experiencing positive or negative effects.Counselees' self-disclosure in expressing their psychological problems in online counseling services creates an ideal picture of awareness and self-concept.The open self window in the Johari window theory enlarges while the hidden self, blind self and unknown self windows decrease.This happens because the counselee expresses himself so that he gets feedback and conclusions together with the counselor or psychologist and reaches his own conclusions.
Data collection techniques used include semistructured interviews, literature study, observation and documentation.The qualitative data analysis technique applied in this research went through stages in the form of data reduction, data presentation as well as drawing conclusions and verification.In this research, counselees provided counseling servicesonline is a key informant, with criteria including: a. Male or female.b.Have done online counseling at least 2 times.c.Disclose yourself about psychological problems in online counseling services.