Pengaruh Lucutan Plasma Berbasis Aliran Udara terhadap Keasaman, TDS, dan Sedimentasi dalam Pengolahan Air

Fadli Robiandi, Dian Novianti, Virgiawan Yusran Fajar Pratama

Abstract


Beberapa metode pengolahan air atau water treatment telah banyak dikembangkan untuk mengatasi cemaran. Salah satu metode yang dikembangkan dalam pengolahan air adalah metode paparan plasma. Metode ini membutuhkan listrik tegangan tinggi dan tidak menggunakan zat kimia aktif. Paparan plasma pada air dan udara dapat menghasilkan spesies gas reaktif berbasis oksigen dan nitrogen atau reactive oxygen nitrogen species (RONS) dan cahaya ultraviolet. Gas reaktif seperti ozon memiliki kemampuan untuk mengoksidasi, dan berpotensi menguraikan kandungan senyawa organik dalam air. Pada metode paparan plasma pada air, RONS yang terbentuk akibat interaksi plasma dengan udara di permukaan air sulit masuk kedalam air. Untuk mengoptimalkan RONS tersebut berdifusi atau masuk ke dalam air, dibutuhkan mekanisme aliran udara ke dalam air. Pada penelitian ini, dilakukan pemaparan air dengan plasma lucutan listrik yang dilengkapi aliran udara pada elektroda. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh durasi paparan plasma terhadap perubahan endapan, keasaman (pH) dan Total Dissolve Solid (TDS) pada air. Secara umum metode yang telah dilakukan pada penelitian ini, yaitu: pembuatan sampel air (asam, basa, garam) serta penyiapan sampel air danau; proses pemaparan plasma lucutan listrik; pengukuran nilai pH, TDS dan endapan. Sampel air yang digunakan air destilasi, air danau, air garam (larutan NaCl 0,07 M), air asam (larutan CH_3 COOH 0,005 M) dan air basa (larutan KOH 0,013 M). Plasma lucutan listrik dibangkitkan menggunakan catu daya tegangan tinggi DC, dengan nilai tegangan sekitar 30 kV. Aliran udara pada elektroda dihasilkan oleh aerator berkapasitas 2,5 liter/menit. Hasil pengukuran pH pada sampel air yang telah dipapar plasma lucutan listrik menunjukkan penurunan nilai pH disemua sampel air. Laju penurunan pH tertinggi ada pada sampel air KOH dengan nilai 0.0014 pH/s.  Semakin lama durasi pemaparan plasma pada sampel air garam dan air danau menyebabkan nilai TDS sampel mengalami peningkatan dengan masing-masing nilai tertinggi 5000 ppm dan 634 ppm . Hasil pengukuran endapan pada sampel air danau menunjukkan jumlah endapan yang terbentuk cenderung meningkat seiring bertambahnya durasi paparan plasma. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini, metode plasma lucutan listrik dapat mempermudah terbentuknya endapan pada air keruh seperti air danau, namun paparan yang lama dapat menurunkan pH (air menjadi semakin asam) dan meningkatkan nilai TDS air tersebut.

Keywords


pengolahan air, plasma, elektroda, aliran udara, gas reaktif

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/flux.v22i1.17613

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