POLA PEMANFAATAN SUMBER DAYA HUTAN OLEH MASYARAKAT DESA NGABLAK DI KAWASAN TAMAN NASIONAL GUNUNG MERAPI

Kletus Florianus Sera Gare, Nusrah Rusadi, Fransiskus Xaverius Dako, Frenly Marvi Selanno, Sukriati Andesti Lamanda, Lies Rahayu Wijayanti Faida, Much. Taufik Tri Hermawan

Abstract


Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pola pemanfaatan sumber daya hutan oleh masyarakat Desa Ngablak di kawasan Taman Nasional Gunung Merapi (TNGM). Penelitian sebelumnya umumnya berfokus pada aspek kebijakan, kelembagaan, dan ekologi, sementara kajian mengenai pola pemanfaatan sumber daya hutan pada tingkat lokal di kawasan konservasi masih terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengisi kesenjangan tersebut melalui analisis empiris interaksi masyarakat dengan sumber daya hutan. Penelitian menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Oktober hingga Desember 2025 di Desa Ngablak, Jawa Tengah. Data primer diperoleh melalui observasi, wawancara semi terstruktur terhadap 64 petani, dan dokumentasi, sedangkan data sekunder diperoleh dari berbagai sumber relevan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemanfaatan sumber daya hutan meliputi tiga aktivitas utama, yaitu penggarapan lahan, pengambilan kayu bakar, dan pemanfaatan hijauan pakan ternak. Penggarapan lahan dilakukan melalui sistem agroforestri sederhana yang mengombinasikan tanaman tahunan dan semusim. Kayu bakar dimanfaatkan sebagai sumber energi rumah tangga, sedangkan vegetasi bawah dimanfaatkan sebagai pakan ternak. Penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya struktur pemanfaatan yang bersifat hierarkis, di mana kawasan hutan berfungsi sebagai basis produksi ekonomi masyarakat. Temuan ini menegaskan bahwa TNGM tidak hanya berfungsi sebagai kawasan konservasi, tetapi juga mendukung sistem penghidupan masyarakat secara adaptif.

Keywords


pemanfaatan sumber daya hutan; penghidupan masyarakat; agroforestri; Taman Nasional Gunung Merapi; masyarakat lokal

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/jht.v14i1.25713

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