EVALUASI GENETIK DAN SELEKSI PROGENI BUSH MERAH (Lophostemon suaveolens) BERUMUR 5 TAHUN DI LAHAN GAMBUT

Putra Gunawan, Deviona Deviona, Nurul Qomar

Abstract


Penelitian ini mengevaluasi performa fenotipik, potensi genetik relatif, dan seleksi progeni Bush Merah (Lophostemon suaveolens) umur lima tahun di lahan gambut Kabupaten Siak, Provinsi Riau. Penelitian menggunakan uji progeni half-sib dengan rancangan acak kelompok yang terdiri atas 45 progeni, empat ulangan, dan lima pohon per plot, dengan blok yang merepresentasikan strata muka air tanah 20-25, 26-30, 31-35, dan 36-40 cm. Evaluasi genetik dilakukan menggunakan model linier campuran dengan pendekatan Best Linear Unbiased Prediction (BLUP). Nilai survival rerata mencapai sekitar 88%, yang menunjukkan adaptasi awal yang baik pada lahan gambut. Nilai heritabilitas sempit tergolong rendah pada tinggi total (H60; h² = 0,0473), diameter setinggi dada (D60; h² = 0,0472), dan mean annual increment (MAI; h² = 0,0342), sehingga variasi pertumbuhan dan produktivitas lebih kuat dipengaruhi heterogenitas lingkungan daripada komponen genetik aditif. Seleksi multi-sifat berbasis BLUP mengidentifikasi LS17, LS40, LS15, dan LS43 sebagai kandidat utama pada jalur produktivitas-adaptasi, sedangkan LS23, LS32, LS10, dan LS27 menonjol pada jalur kualitas kayu-adaptasi. Kerapatan kayu berada pada kisaran 502,65-742,86 kg m⁻³. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa L. suaveolens berpotensi dikembangkan sebagai spesies alternatif bahan baku pulpwood di lahan gambut melalui seleksi yang mengintegrasikan adaptasi, produktivitas, dan mutu kayu.


Keywords


Lophostemon suaveolens; lahan gambut; uji progeni; BLUP; evaluasi genetik

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References


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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/jht.v14i2.26293

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