PEMANFAATAN TEKNIK IRRADIASI SINAR GAMMA UNTUK MENINGKATKAN VIABILITAS BENIH SENGON

Yulianti Bramasto, Putri Putri, P.K. Zanzibar P.K. Zanzibar, M. Danu M. Danu

Abstract


Sengon (Albizia falcataria ) is the most potential species that develop in community forest with agroforestry system. The problem of  sengon plantation was the attack of pest and diseases, that influence the decrease of productivity of  sengon. To increase the  productivity of sengon  can be start  from the seed for example through  increase the  viability and vigor of seed. In seed crops, technique irradiation of  gamma rays have been used as seed treatment to increase vigor and quality of  seeds, but on forest seeds is still limited information. The purpose of this research is to analyze the effectiveness of the  irradiation of  gamma rays to increase viability of sengon  seed. The research design was  factorials in randomized completely design , which  consist of 2 factors, first factor was the origin of seeds and second  factor was the dosage of radiation.  The results show that the origin of seed and dosage of gamma rays gave a significant responses to germination percentage(DB) and speed of germination (KCT). In general the irradiation of gamma rays can increase the germination percentage (DB) and speed of germination (KCT).. The increasing of DB and KCT start at  dosage  5 Gy, and continue increase until  90 Gy. The viability of seed  raise from  13.5 % -  50,9 % from control. The  technique of gamma rays irradiation in low dosage can be used to increase viability and vigor  of sengon seed.
Sengon (Albizia falcataria) merupakan salah satu jenis andalan di hutan rakyat, pada umumnya jenis ini ditanam menggunakan system agroforestry. Permasalahan pada tanaman sengon saat ini adalah banyaknya hama dan penyakit yang menyerang tegakan sengon, sehingga mengakibatkan menurunnya produktivitas. Peningkatan produktivitas dapat diupayakan sejak dari tingkat benih yaitu melalui peningkatan viabilitas dan vigor benih. Pemanfaatan teknik irradiasi sinar gamma   digunakan sebagai  seed treatment untuk meningkatkan vigor dan kualitas benih sudah banyak dilakukan pada benih tanaman pertanian, namun pada benih tanaman hutan masih terbatas. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui efektivitas penerapan teknik irradiasi sinar gamma untuk meningkatkan viabilitas benih sengon. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Faktorial dalam Acak Lengkap, terdiri dari 2 faktor, yaitu asal benih dan faktor lainnya adalah dosis radiasi. Hasil penelitian  menunjukkan bahwa asal benih dan dosis sinar gamma berpengaruh nyata terhadap daya berkecambah dan kecepatan berkecambah benih sengon. Secara umum menunjukkan adanya peningkatan dalam perkecambahan yaitu daya berkecambah  (DB) dan kecepatan berkecambah (KCT)  akibat pemberian perlakuan irradiasi dengan sinar gamma. Peningkatan  DB dan KCT mulai terlhat pada dosis 5 Gy, dan terus meningkat hingga dosis 90 Gy.  Daya Berkecambah benih  meningkat antara 13,5 % – 50,9 % dari kontrol. Hal ini berarti teknik irradiasi sinar gamma pada dosis rendah dapat digunakan utnuk meningkatkan viabilitas dan vigor benih sengon.

Keywords


Albizia falcataria; germination percentage; irradiasi; speed of germination; Albizia falcataria; daya berkecambah; irradiasi; kecepatan berkecambah

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References


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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/jht.v4i1.2877

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