The Impact of Gatsata Sub-Catchment Land Use Land Cover Changes on Nyabugogo Wetland

Abstract

The world is witnessing rapid population growth, leading to substantial rural-to-urban migration and subsequent high levels of urbanization. Urban development, however, often results in the loss of wetlands, with some areas experiencing more than a 60% reduction. Urbanization, especially in developing countries like Rwanda, poses significant threats to wetland ecosystems due to activities such as construction, mining, and quarrying. This study focuses on Gatsata Sub-catchment in the City of Kigali, Rwanda, where urbanization and population growth have led to drastic land use and land cover changes over the past 23 years.

The Nyabugogo wetland in Gatsata sub-catchment is facing not only habitat loss and hydrological changes but also frequent and destructive urban flash floods. The research aims to assess the impact of land use and land cover changes on Nyabugogo wetland in Gatsata Sub-catchment. This study involves a comprehensive approach, utilizing online research, spatial data analysis, and satellite imagery to investigate land use changes from 2000 to 2023. Factors influencing the management of Gatsata Sub-catchment, including topography, infrastructure, and human activities, are explored. The study identifies critical impacts on Nyabugogo wetland, such as habitat loss, water quality degradation, disruption of hydrological processes, biodiversity decline, and social-cultural impacts.

Mitigation strategies are proposed to offset the negative impact, including sustainable urban planning, strict regulatory measures, public awareness and education, wetland restoration, sustainable infrastructure development, and collaboration among stakeholders. Economic incentives and long-term monitoring are also suggested to encourage conservation efforts and ensure the health and functioning of wetlands.