Training on the Making of Eco-Enzyme Disinfectants as a Sustainable Strategy for Processing Organic Waste

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INTRODUCTION
Habaring Hurung Urban Village is located in the Bukit Batu District, Palangka Raya City, Central Kalimantan (Agriana & Hujjatusnaini, 2022).The population in this location is reported to be around 857 individuals, with an area of approximately ±73.58 km 2 (BPS Kota Palangka Raya, 2022).Geographically, Habaring Hurung is crossed by the Kahayan River, as part of the Tjilik Riwut road and the Trans Kalimantan road.Known for its fertile soil, this location is recognized as one of the vegetable, rubber, cashew, and local fruit-producing areas (Surjanto, 2017).The people are involved in various occupations according to their residence environment, such as agriculture, animal husbandry, entrepreneurship, etc.
One of the challenges faced by the community in Habaring Hurung is the current accumulation of household waste.Organic waste is the largest contributor to waste in Indonesia, around 60%. Organic waste comes from the remains of living creatures undergoing decomposition (Putri et al., 2023;Saputro et al., 2015).Due to the distance from the final disposal site, residents manage organic waste by burying, burning, or piling it up on the roadside and/or around their homes.Although organic waste decomposition is categorized as environmentally friendly, the process produces methane gas, contributing to greenhouse gas emissions (Anisa et al., 2022;Chanda et al., 2011) and reducing oxygen levels in the air (Yuliono et al., 2015).In addition, Septiani et al. (2021) reported that natural decomposition of organic waste generally takes a relatively long time.
Eco enzyme is a product that can be produced from organic waste (Putri et al., 2023;Sari et al., 2021;Septiani et al., 2021;Yuliono et al., 2021).The uniqueness of eco enzymes lies in their easy and simple preparation process, more economical operational costs, and great benefits in daily activities.Generally, eco enzymes are produced by fermenting organic waste (such as fruit peels and vegetable scraps) using a mixture of sugar and water (Kurniawati et al., 2022).During fermentation, glucose is converted into ethanol and acetic acid (Astuti et al., 2020).The high content of ethanol and acetic acid is what makes eco enzymes function as disinfectants, whereas ethanol and acetic acid are compounds that have antiseptic and disinfectant properties.Ethanol can kill bacteria, viruses, and fungi by damaging their cell membranes, while acetic acid can kill bacteria and fungi by lowering the pH of their environment (Yuliono et al., 2015).
Based on these considerations, a solution that can be proposed is to provide training on how to make disinfectants from eco enzymes produced from organic waste fermentation to the community, especially members of the Family Welfare Empowerment (PKK) in the Habaring Hurung Urban Village, Bukit Batu District, Palangka Raya City.This activity aims to provide knowledge and skills to PKK members in the Habaring Hurung Urban Village so that they can manage organic waste into valuable products, such as practical disinfectants for daily use.

METHOD
The community service activity conducted in the Habaring Hurung Urban Village, Bukit Batu District, Palangka Raya City was carried out using an implementation method consisting of preparation stages, namely gathering information on training needs, preparing training materials and teaching aids; implementation stages in the form of socialization and demonstration; and the final stage consisting of evaluation and reporting through a series of steps that can be outlined as follows:

Preparation Stage
The preparation stage began with gathering information on the community's training needs, coordinating with the Village Head of Habaring Hurung to request permission for the empowerment activities, and discussing and planning the schedule for the activities.In addition, activity site surveys, participant registration, and activity topic delivery were also conducted at this stage.

Disinfectant Production Stage
The service team carried out this stage to prepare disinfectants using eco enzymes produced from the fermentation of organic waste such as fruit peels and vegetable scraps.The tools needed include knives, cutting boards, scales, measuring cups, containers with air-tight lids, strainers, and basins.Meanwhile, the materials used involve water, waste fruit, and vegetable peels (such as watermelon, pineapple, oranges, carrots, and cabbage), and molasses in a ratio of 10:3:1 (Harahap et al., 2021).The workflow for making eco enzymes can be seen in Figure 1.

Figure 1 Eco enzyme production workflow
The disinfectant is produced by mixing fermented eco enzyme with water in a ratio of 1:400 (Parbuntari et al., 2023).After that, the produced product would be neatly packaged and then distributed to activity participants after the training session.

Implementation Stage of Training Activities
The training was held on September 4, 2023, at the Habaring Hurung Urban Village Hall.The number of participants present was 39, and one village official represented PKK members.Participant selection was carried out by considering the following criteria: (1) men or women aged 25-65 years; (2) have jobs as farmers, entrepreneurs, or housewives; and (3) have never received knowledge about organic waste management.
The method applied in the training involves socialization and demonstration.Two lecturers from the service team were the speakers delivering the socialization material.The topics discussed included organic waste and its impacts, the benefits of eco enzymes, techniques for making eco enzymes as disinfectants, product standards, and how to use them.Furthermore, a demonstration was conducted on the making and application of eco enzymes as disinfectants to participants, guided by three lecturers and two students from the service team.

Evaluation Stage of Activities
Activity evaluation was conducted after the training session to the participants.The participants were asked to complete a questionnaire to assess the implementation of the activities that have taken place.This questionnaire contains indicator questions designed to measure the success rate of the service activity with answers covering Strongly Agree (SA), Agree (A), Disagree (D), Strongly Disagree (SD), and Neutral (N).The indicator questions include 1) the suitability of the training theme with the participants' needs; 2) the level of ease of understanding the presented material; 3) the increase in knowledge of participants after attending the socialization and demonstration; 4) the implementation of the activity; 5) the benefits of the activity; 6) the continuity of the activity for participants.Analysis of questionnaire data uses a quantitative method using a Likert scale, which is the collection of respondent questionnaire data in the form of a number ranging from 1 to 5. Participant attendance and activity during the activity would also be considered.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
This community service activity was carried out using an implementation method consisting of preparation, implementation, and evaluationreporting stages.The preparation stage began with gathering information on the community's training needs, where the  Furthermore, it was found that many residents living in the area work as farmers and have plantation and agricultural land.Therefore, the service team initiated converting household organic waste into eco enzymes, which function as natural disinfectants, as a form of community service.After conducting the survey, the team then coordinated with the village head of Habaring to prepare for the implementation of the service, and the team prepared the materials and teaching aids.
The next stage is the implementation stage, which consists of socialization and training in the form of demonstrations for all training participants.Socialization was carried out through lectures to deliver the material, followed by a question and answer session to allow participants to ask questions, express opinions, and gather information after the material presentation as seen in Figure 3. show that participants responded positively to the material presented.Participants were very enthusiastic during the material presentation and actively participated in the discussion.In fact, some participants hoped that similar activities could be carried out continuously.
The next activity was a demonstration accompanied by the distribution of sample products (provided in Figure 4).The process of making eco enzyme as a natural disinfectant begins with mixing water, fruit peel waste, and molasses in a ratio of 10:3:1 to produce an eco enzyme solution.This mixture was then placed in a closed container for 3 months to ferment, where glucose in the fruit peel waste is transformed into pyruvic acid.Next, pyruvic acid was broken down by pyruvate decarboxylase into ethanol and carbon dioxide under anaerobic conditions.The ethanol produced was then broken down into acetaldehyde and water, which were then converted into acetic acid (Astuti et al., 2020;Lubis, & Maulina, 2020;Soviyah et al., 2019).During the 3-month fermentation process, the container was opened several times to release the gas produced.In the final stage, the mixture was then filtered, and the filtrate obtained was a concentrated eco enzyme solution as shown in Figure 4.The ethanol and acetic acid content from this fermentation result in eco enzyme being effective as a disinfectant to clean floors, walls, household appliances, and the surrounding air from microorganisms (Mavani et al., 2020;Parbuntari et al., 2023;Yuliono et al., 2021).The disinfectant is then made by mixing the eco enzyme solution and water in a ratio of 1:400.The eco enzyme solution used in the demonstration is the result of fermentation for 3 months prepared by the service team beforehand.The eco enzyme solution has a pH of 4, a dark brown color, and a fresh, acidic aroma.The production of eco enzyme resulted in an ethanol content of 4.56% in 1-month fermentation.The ethanol content obtained is influenced by the carbon source (sucrose) from the type of sugar used.The longer the fermentation time, the cloudier the color of the solution, the higher the alcohol content, and the more acidic the pH of the eco enzyme (Munir et al., 2020;Suprayogi et al., 2022).This indicates that the fermentation process has successfully produced an eco-enzyme solution.The workflow for making eco enzymes is shown in Figure 5.

Figure 5 Workflow of eco enzyme production
The results of the eco enzyme product that can be used as a disinfectant were prepared beforehand by the service team and distributed to the participants after the training session was completed.The distribution of this product was done with the aim that the participants could personally experience the benefits provided by the produced disinfectant.
The participants were asked to fill out a questionnaire prepared by the community service team to assess the activities' implementation.The data presented in Table 1 shows that participants agreed (56.4%) and strongly agreed (43.6%) that the activity theme was suitable to their needs.This indicates that the selection of the activity theme was appropriate and in line with the local community's needs, which is to manage organic waste wisely and with environmental sustainability in mind (Sayali et al., 2019).The presented material was also acknowledged for its clarity.This is evident from the questionnaire results, where 51.3% agreed and 46.2% strongly agreed that the material presented was easy to understand.However, one participant (2.6%) disagreed with this statement due to hearing limitations (elderly), making it difficult to understand the material during the presentation.Two students assisted in implementing the service during the demonstration, where they had received previous training to make eco enzymes.The questionnaire results also revealed that 66.7% of participants agreed and 33.3% strongly agreed that their knowledge increased after participating in this service activity.During the material presentation, participants were also given knowledge regarding other uses of eco enzyme besides as a disinfectant, such as for laundry, dishwashing, removing pesticide residues on fruits and vegetables, natural pesticides, air purifiers, water clarifiers, plant fertilizers, and others (Mauidatul & Rosariawari, 2022;Ramadani et al., 2019: Rini et al., 2017;Rini, 2016;Supriyani et al., 2020).Data in Table 1 also reveals that participants chose to agree (76.9%) and strongly agree (23.1%) that the implementation of the activity ran smoothly and was considered very beneficial.Most participants plan to continue using the eco enzyme distributed as an environmentally friendly household disinfectant.This confirms the success of the service activity carried out.

CONCLUSION
The participants who attended the training session showed positive reactions to the training conducted.This is evident from the involvement and active participation of the participants during the training.The questionnaire results show that most participants agree, even strongly agree, that the selected activity theme is suitable for the community's needs, the presented material is easy to understand, the participants' understanding has increased, and the activity will be continued by the participants with percentages of agreement of 56.4%, 51.3%, 66.7%, and 53%, respectively.This indicates the success of the service in Habaring Hurung, which effectively equipped participants with the knowledge and skills to transform organic waste into practical products in daily life.
1 bagian molase 3 bagian kulit buah (potong kecil) Tutup kencang wadah.Fermentasi dilakukan selama 3 bulan.Buka sesekali wadah di bulan pertama untuk mengeluarkan gas service team conducted surveys and discussions with members of the Family Welfare Empowerment in the Habaring Hurung Village.Based on the results of the discussion, information was obtained regarding the problem of household organic waste, which is only waste and has not been optimally utilized, as shown in Figure 2.

Figure 2
Figure 2 Discussion activity with members of the family welfare empowerment

Figure 3
Figure 3 Socialization activity

Figure 4
Figure 4 Demonstration and product distribution activity

Table 1
Results of the activity evaluation questionnaire filled out by 39 participants Information: SA, Strongly Agree; A, Agree; FA, Fairly agree; D, Disagree; SD, Strongly Disagree