GAMBARAN KEJADIAN MALOKLUSI BERDASARKAN KEBIASAAN BURUK PADA PELAJAR SMA DI WILAYAH NON-PERKOTAAN BANJARMASIN

Saidatun Nisa, Diana Wibowo, Riky Hamdani, Fajar Kusuma Dwi Kurniawan, Isnur Hatta

Abstract


ABSTRACT

Background: Malocclusion is an abnormality in the growth and development of teeth that can be influenced by bad oral habits, such as mouth breathing, tongue thrusting, lip biting, thumb sucking, and bruxism. This condition is often not recognized by the individual, but can have a significant impact on oral function and aesthetics. Purpose: This study aims to describe the incidence of malocclusion based on the type of bad oral habits among high school students in non-urban Banjarmasin. Methods: This study is a descriptive study with a quantitative approach and a cross-sectional design. The sample consisted of 175 students selected using a simple random sampling technique. Data were collected through questionnaires and oral clinical examinations, then analyzed descriptively using frequency distribution and percentages. Results: The results showed that the most common bad habit found was mouth breathing (24%), and the majority of those affected were females, while bruxism was most common in males (12.00%). The most common type of malocclusion found was protrusive (25.91%), with the highest prevalence in females. There is a tendency that certain types of bad habits can lead to certain types of malocclusion. Conclusion: Malocclusions based on bad habits are still common in non-urban areas of Banjarmasin, so there is a need for increased education regarding bad habits that can cause malocclusion.

Keywords: bad habits, malocclusion, students

 

ABSTRAK

Latar Belakang: Maloklusi merupakan kelainan pertumbuhan dan perkembangan gigi-geligi yang dapat dipengaruhi oleh kebiasaan buruk pada rongga mulut, seperti mouth breathing, tongue thrusting, lip biting, thumb sucking, dan bruxism. Kondisi ini sering tidak disadari oleh individu, namun dapat berdampak signifikan terhadap fungsi maupun estetika oral. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran kejadian maloklusi berdasarkan jenis kebiasaan buruk pada rongga mulut di kalangan pelajar SMA/sederajat di wilayah non-perkotaan Banjarmasin. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif dan desain cross-sectional. Sampel terdiri atas 175 pelajar yang dipilih menggunakan teknik simple random sampling. Data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner dan pemeriksaan klinis rongga mulut, kemudian dianalisis secara deskriptif menggunakan distribusi frekuensi dan persentase.Hasil: Hasil menunjukkan bahwa kebiasaan buruk yang paling banyak ditemukan adalah mouth breathing (24%) dan mayoritas yang mengalami adalah perempuan, sementara bruxism paling banyak dialami oleh laki- laki (12,00%). Jenis maloklusi yang paling sering ditemukan adalah protrusif (25,91%), dengan prevalensi tertinggi pada perempuan. Terdapat kecenderungan bahwa jenis kebiasaan buruk tertentu dapat menyebabkan jenis maloklusi tertentu. Kesimpulan: Kejadian maloklusi berdasarkan kebiasan buruk masih banyak ditemukan di wilayah non- perkotaan Banjarmasin, sehingga perlu adanya peningkatan edukasi mengenai kebiasaan buruk yang dapat menyebabkan kejadian maloklusi.

Kata kunci: kebiasaan buruk, maloklusi, pelajar


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.20527/dentin.v9i2.17741

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