ANTIBACTERIAL EFFECTIVENESS OF KECAPI LEAF EXTRACT (SANDORICUM KOETJAPE MERR.) ON THE GROWTH OF FUSOBACTERIUM NUCLEATUM (IN VITRO STUDY)

Abstract

ABSTRACT

Background: Caries has become one of society's most significant dental health issues, as evidenced by its high prevalence rates. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates the global average prevalence of permanent tooth caries to be 29%, with two billion cases. The increased use of antibiotics in dental practice has contributed to the rising antibiotic resistance among oral bacteria. Phytochemical screening of the Sandoricum koetjape leaf extract shows that it contains Flavonoids, Triterpenoids, Alkaloids, Steroids, Saponins, and Phenolics, which have the potential to act as antibacterials from Fusobacterium nucleatum . Purpose: This study aims to analyze the antibacterial effectiveness of kecapi leaf extract (Sandoricum koetjape Merr.) against Fusobacterium nucleatum . Method: This study used an experimental post-test-only control group design consisting of seven treatment groups, namely kecapi leaf extract with a concentration of 30%, 45%, 60%, 75%, 90%, with each group repeated five times. Kruskal Wallis and Post Hoc Mann Whitney tests showed a significant difference in the diameter of the formed inhibition zone. Results:The average diameter of the inhibition zone concentration of 30% was 7,6 mm, 45% was 9,5 mm, 60% was 12,3 mm, 75% was 14,5 mm and 90% was 16,7 mm. Conclusion: Kecapi leaf extract (Sandoricum koetjape Merr.) concentrations of 30%, 45%, 60%, 75%, and 90% have antibacterial potential against the growth of Fusobacterium nucleatum .

Keywords : Antibacterial, Fusobacterium nucleatum , Root canal treatment, Sandoricum koetjape Merr. leaf extract

ABSTRAK

Latar Belakang: Karies menjadi salah satu masalah kesehatan gigi yang paling signifikan di masyarakat, yang terlihat dari tingginya angka prevalensinya. World Health Organization (WHO) memperkirakan prevalensi rata-rata global karies pada gigi permanen adalah 29% dengan dua miliar kasus. Peningkatan penggunaan antibiotik dalam praktik kedokteran gigi telah berkontribusi pada meningkatnya resistensi antibiotik di antara bakteri oral. Skrining fitokimia dari ekstrak daun Sandoricum koetjape menunjukkan bahwa daun ini mengandung Flavonoid, Triterpenoid, Alkanoid, Steroid, Saponin, dan Fenolik yang berpotensi sebagai antibakteri dari Fusobacterium nucleatum . Tujuan: Menganalisis efektivitas antibakteri ekstrak daun kecapi (Sandoricum koetjape Merr.) terhadap Fusobacterium nucleatum . Metode: Penelitian eksperimental dengan rancangan post test only with control group design yang terdiri dari tujuh kelompok perlakuan, yaitu ekstrak daun kecapi dengan konsentrasi 30%, 45%, 60%, 75%, 90%, kontrol positif (Kalsium Hidroksida), dan kontrol negatif (Aquades) yang diulang sebanyak 5 kali. Hasil: Uji Kruskal Wallis dan Post Hoc Mann Whitney menunjukkan adanya perbedaan yang signifikan pada diameter zona hambat yang terbentuk. Rata-rata diameter zona hambat konsentrasi 30% sebesar 7,6 mm, 45% sebesar 9,5 mm, 60% sebesar 12,3 mm, 75% sebesar 14,5 mm, dan 90% sebesar 16,7 mm. Kesimpulan: Ekstrak daun kecapi (Sandoricum koetjape Merr.) konsentrasi 30%, 45%, 60%, 6075% dan 90% memiliki potensi antibakteri terhadap pertumbuhan Fusobacterium nucleatum .

Kata kunci : Antibakteri, Ekstraksi Daun Sandoricum koetjape, Fusobacterium nucleatum , Perawatan saluran akar