Faktor-Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Perilaku Kepatuhan Minum Obat Anti Diabetes pada Penderita Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2

Abstract

Abstract: The adherence behavior of taking anti-diabetes drugs has an important role to patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (type 2 DM) because it is long-term treatment. Perceived threats, perceived benefits, and perceived barriers influence the adherence behavior based on health belief model theory. This research aimed to analyze the factors that related to the adherence behavior of taking anti-diabetes drugs in patients with type 2 DM. This is analytic observational research with a cross sectional design. The samples are 50 people chosen by systematic random sampling technique. Instrument is questionnaire. Data were analyzed by chi square test with a significant level of α <0.05. The result is 84% respondents with positive perceived threats have high adherence behavior of taking anti-diabetes drugs (ρ=0.006, PR=3.26), 83% respondents with positive perceived benefits have high adherence behavior of taking anti-diabetes drugs (ρ=0.006, PR=3.5), 82% respondents with negative perceived barriers have high adherence behavior of taking anti-diabetes drugs (ρ=0.009, PR=3.18). In conclusion, there is a correlation between perceived threats, perceived benefits, and perceived barriers to the adherence behavior of taking anti-diabetes drugs in patients with type 2 DM at Puskesmas Cempaka Banjarmasin.

Keywords: type 2 diabetes mellitus, perceived threats, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, the adherence behavior of taking drugs.

Abstrak: Perilaku kepatuhan minum obat anti diabetes (OAD) mempunyai peran penting bagi penderita diabetes melitus tipe 2 (DM tipe 2) karena memerlukan pengobatan jangka lama. Persepsi ancaman, persepsi manfaat, dan persepsi hambatan mempengaruhi perilaku kepatuhan berdasarkan teori health belief model. Penelitian bertujuan menganalisis faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan perilaku kepatuhan minum OAD pada penderita DM tipe 2. Metode penelitian observasional analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Sampel berjumlah 50 orang diperoleh dengan teknik systematic random sampling. Instrumen penelitian adalah kuesioner. Data dianalisis dengan uji chi square tingkat signifikansi α 0,05. Hasil penelitian 84% responden dengan persepsi ancaman positif memiliki perilaku kepatuhan minum OAD tinggi (ρ=0,016, PR=3,26), 83% responden dengan persepsi manfaat positif memiliki perilaku kepatuhan minum OAD tinggi (ρ=0,006, PR=3,5), 82% responden dengan persepsi hambatan negatif memiliki perilaku kepatuhan minum OAD tinggi (ρ=0,009, PR=3,18). Kesimpulan penelitian terdapat hubungan antara persepsi ancaman, persepsi manfaat, dan persepsi hambatan dengan perilaku kepatuhan minum OAD pada penderita DM tipe 2 di Puskesmas Cempaka Banjarmasin.

Kata-kata kunci:         diabetes melitus tipe 2, persepsi ancaman, persepsi manfaat, persepsi   hambatan, perilaku kepatuhan minum obat.