Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Akar Binjai (Mangifera caesia Jack.) terhadap Shigella dysenteriae dan Salmonella typhi In Vitro

Abstract

Abstract: Binjai is plant that’s widely spread in South Kalimantan. Binjai’s root contains saponins and tannins as antibacterial. The purpose of study to analyze the differences in inhibitory activity of binjai’s root ethanol extract against Shigella dysenteriae and Salmonella typhi in vitro. This study used true experimental studies that’s posttest with control group design, consisting of 10 treatments of binjai’s root ethanol extract (50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%) and ciprofloxacin (positive control). Data analysis was performed by one way ANOVA, post hoc Duncan, and t independent test (α = 0.05). The results of study showed that there were significant differences inhibitory power and inhibitory power increased with increasing concentration also at the same concentration, the inhibitory activity of binjai’s root ethanol extract was greater against to Salmonella typhi (23.12 mm) than Shigella dysenteriae (20.81 mm). Ethanol extract of binjai’s root has optimum inhibition at concentration 90% towards the growth both of bacteria. The conclusion is there are differences inhibitory activity of binjai’s root ethanol extract on the growth of Shigella dysenteriae and Salmonella typhi in vitro.

Keywords: antibacterial activity, binjai’s root extract, Shigella dysenteriae, Salmonella typhi, in vitro.

Abstrak Binjai merupakan tanaman yang banyak tersebar di Kalimantan Selatan. Akar binjai mengandung saponin dan tanin sebagai antibakteri. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis perbedaan aktivitas daya hambat ekstrak etanol akar binjai terhadap Shigella dysenteriae dan Salmonella typhi secara in vitro. Penelitian ini menggunakan studi true experimental dengan rancangan posttest with control group design, terdiri dari 10 perlakuan ekstrak etanol akar binjai (50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%) dan siprofloksasin (kontrol positif). Analisis data dilakukan dengan uji one way ANOVA, post hoc Duncan, dan t independent  (α=0,05). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan daya hambat yang bermakna dari masing-masing perlakuan dan daya hambat meningkat seiring dengan peningkatan konsentrasi serta didapatkan pada konsentrasi yang sama, aktivitas daya hambat ekstrak etanol akar binjai lebih besar terhadap Salmonella typhi (23,12 mm) dibandingkan Shigella dysenteriae (20,81 mm). Ekstrak etanol akar binjai memiliki daya hambat optimum pada konsentrasi 90% terhadap pertumbuhan kedua bakteri uji. Simpulannya adalah terdapat perbedaan aktivitas daya hambat ekstrak etanol akar binjai terhadap pertumbuhan Shigella dysenteriae dan Salmonella typhi secara in vitro.

Kata-kata kunci: aktivitas antibakteri, ekstrak akar binjai, Shigella dysenteriae, Salmonella typhi, in vitro.