Prevalensi Anemia Defisiensi Besi dan Faktor-Faktor yang Memengaruhi pada Anak Balita dengan Gizi Buruk

Abstract

Abstract: Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is anemia due to impaired erythrocyte formation due to a lack of iron in the body. This research aims to obtain data on the prevalence of iron-deficient anemia and iron-deficient; and to find out the relationship between children's nutritional status, mother's education/occupation/parity, and family income to the prevalence of iron deficiency anemia experienced by children under five at the Cempaka Health Center Banjarbaru. The method used is analytic observational with a cross-sectional approach. Determination of the sample using a consecutive sampling technique. The sample consisted of 30 children who performed anthropometric examinations and a complete peripheral blood laboratory. Based on the result obtained, it show that the prevalence of non-iron-deficient and iron-deficient anemia were 27%, 10%, and 73%, respectively. The tests carried out in analyzing the data were the chi-square test and Fisher's exact test with a 95% confidence level. The results of the analysis of the relationship between the prevalence of iron deficiency anemia with the nutritional status of children (p=0.195), mother's education (p=0.210), mother's occupation (p=1), mother's parity (p=0.210), and family income (p=0.267). It can be inferred that the prevalence of iron deficiency anemia and the factors that affect children under five are not related (p>0.05).

Keywords: iron deficiency anemia, child nutritional status, maternal education, maternal occupation, maternal parity, family’s income

Abstrak: Anemia defisiensi besi (ADB) adalah anemia akibat pembentukan eritrosit terganggu karena kurangnya jumlah zat besi dalam tubuh. Penelitian ini bertujuan memperoleh data prevalensi anemia terdefisiensi besi serta terdefisiensi besi; dan mengetahui hubungan status gizi anak, pendidikan/pekerjaan/paritas ibu, dan penghasilan keluarga terhadap prevalensi anemia defisiensi besi yang dialami anak balita di Puskesmas Cempaka Banjarbaru. Metode yang digunakan yaitu observasional analitik dengan pendekatan cross-sectional. Penentuan sampel menggunakan consecutive sampling technique. Sampel berjumlah 30 anak yang melakukan pemeriksaan antropometri, dan laboratorium darah tepi lengkap. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa prevalensi anemia terdefisiensi besi dan terdefisiensi besi berturut-turut yaitu 27%, 10% dan 73%. Uji yang dilakukan dalam menganalisis data yaitu chi-square test dan Fisher’s exact test dengan confidence level 95%. Hasil analisis hubungan antara prevalensi anemia defisiensi besi dengan status gizi anak (p=0,195), pendidikan ibu (p=0,210), pekerjaan ibu (p=1), paritas ibu (p=0,210), dan penghasilan keluarga (p=0,267). Dapat disimpulkan bahwa antara prevalensi anemia defisiensi besi dengan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi balita tidak saling berhubungan (p>0,05).

Kata-kata kunci: anemia defisiensi besi, status gizi anak, pendidikan ibu, pekerjaan ibu, paritas ibu, penghasilan keluarga