Analisis Korelasi antara Ground Vibration dengan Fragmentasi Aktual Hasil Peledakan pada PT Borneo Alam Semesta Jobsite PT Binuang Mitra Bersama

Abstract

ABSTRAK

Fragmentasi dan ground vibration merupakan indikator penting hasil peledakan. Fragmentasi yang distribusi ukuran fragmen dan ground vibration yang dinyatakan dengan nilai PPV (peak particel velocity), harus memenuhi kriteria dan ambang batas yang efektif dan aman. Usaha pencapaian target distribusi fragmentasi seringkali berbenturan dengan upaya untuk mencegah tingginya tingkat ground vibration. Oleh karena itu, pada penelitian ini korelasi antara ukuran fragmen dan PPV dikaji tingkat pengaruh dan korelasinya. Korelasi tersebut adalah antara besar energi yang dilepaskan saat peledakan dengan ukuran fragmentasi juga nilai getaran tanah yang dihasilkan. Sebagaimana hipotesa awal dari penelitian ini adalah “PPV yang semakin besar dihasil dari energi yang semakin besar dan energi yang semakin besar akan menghasilkan fragmentasi yang semakin kecil, maka seharusnya semakin besar PPV menghasilkan fragmentasi yang semakin kecil”. Kegiatan penelitian ini dimulai dengan pengumpulan data berupa nilai PPV ground Vibration terbesar di setiap peledakan, juga pengambilan foto beraian batuan hasil peledakan. Image anlaysis menggunakan aplikasi Split Dekstop dilakukan terhadap foto-foto beraian batuan hasil peledakan guna mendapatkan distribusi fragmentasi aktual, dengan output distribusi fragmentasi aktual berupa persentase fragmen berukuran kurang dari 50 cm dan persentase boulder. Setelah didapatkan nilai PPV Ground Vibration tertinggi, analisis korelasi linear dilakukan untuk mengetahui ada atau tidaknya hubungan antar variabel PPV maksimum dan persentase fragmen berukuran < 50 cm. Nilai PPV ground vibration selama penelitian berkisar antara 0,49 mm/s sampai 1,56 mm/s. Data ukuran fragmen aktual rata-rata baik, boulder kurang dari 15%. Korelasi antara Ground Vibration terhadap fragmentasi batuan size  kurang dari 50 cm membentuk hubungan linear dengan persamaan y = 8,5967x + 79,237, dengan koefisien determinasi R² = 0,5359. Artinya, keduanya memiliki hubungan yang positif, dimana apabila nilai PPV ground vibration semakin besar, maka persentase fragmentasi size kurang dari 50 cm semakin banyak. Apabila nilai PPV ground vibration semakin kecil, maka persentase fragmentasi batuan size kurang dari 50 cm semakin sedikit. Korelasi antara ground vibration terhadap persentase fragmentasi batuan boulder berupa hubungan linear dengan persamaan y = -8,5967x + 20,763. Artinya, memiliki hubungan yang negatif, dimana apabila nilai PPV ground vibration semakin besar maka persentase fragmentasi boulder semakin kecil, apabila nilai PPV ground vibration semakin kecil maka persentase fragmentasi boulder semakin besar.

Kata-kata kunci: Peledakan, getaran, fragmentasi, korelasi linier

ABSTRACT

Fragmentation and ground vibration are critical indicators of blasting performance. Fragmentation, represented by the fragment size distribution, and ground vibration, quantified by the Peak Particle Velocity (PPV), must both satisfy effective and safe operational thresholds. However, efforts to achieve optimal fragmentation distribution often conflict with the necessity to minimize excessive ground vibration levels. This study investigates the correlation between fragment size and PPV, examining both the influence and degree of their relationship. The correlation is assessed based on the energy released during blasting and its simultaneous effect on fragmentation size and ground vibration intensity. The initial hypothesis of this research posits that: “Larger PPV values result from higher explosive energy, and higher energy levels produce finer fragmentation; therefore, higher PPV should be associated with smaller fragment sizes.” The research began with data collection, including the highest PPV value recorded in each blast and photographs of blasted rock piles. Image analysis was conducted using Split-Desktop software to determine the actual fragmentation distribution. The outputs include the percentage of fragments smaller than 50 cm and the percentage of boulders. Subsequently, a linear correlation analysis was performed between maximum PPV and the percentage of fragments smaller than 50 cm. During the study, PPV values ranged from 0.49 mm/s to 1.56 mm/s. Overall, the actual fragment size distribution was satisfactory, with boulders accounting for less than 15%. The correlation between ground vibration (PPV) and the percentage of fragments smaller than 50 cm showed a positive linear relationship, described by the equation: y = 8.5967x + 79.237, with a coefficient of determination R² = 0.5359. This indicates that an increase in PPV is associated with a higher percentage of fragments smaller than 50 cm. Conversely, lower PPV values correspond to a reduced proportion of fine fragmentation. On the other hand, the correlation between PPV and the percentage of boulders exhibited a negative linear relationship, described by the equation: y = -8.5967x + 20.763. This implies that higher PPV values result in a lower proportion of boulders, while lower PPV values lead to a higher boulder content.

Keywords: Blasting, Fragmentation, Ground Vibration, Linear Correlation