Peran Agen Perubahan sebagai Strategi Pemberdayaan Masyarakat dalam Upaya Pengendalian Penyakit Tidak Menular akibat Perilaku Merokok

Dicky Andiarsa, Tety Rachmawati, Tri Wurisastuti, Tumaji Tumaji, Nikson Sitorus, Anni Yulianti, Muhammad Rasyid Ridha

Abstract


Penyakit tidak menular seperti hipertensi, diabetes, dan penyakit jantung semakin meningkat di Indonesia. Salah satu faktor risiko utama adalah tingginya prevalensi merokok. Upaya pengendalian rokok tidak cukup hanya melalui regulasi, melainkan membutuhkan keterlibatan aktif masyarakat. Agen perubahan dipandang memiliki peran penting sebagai penggerak di komunitas. Artikel ini bertujuan menjelaskan peran agen perubahan sebagai strategi pemberdayaan masyarakat dalam pencegahan perilaku merokok dan pengendalian Penyakit tidak menular. Kegiatan dilaksanakan pada Mei 2024 di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Cibinong, Kabupaten Bogor. Sebanyak 20 agen perubahan dipilih dari tokoh masyarakat, kader kesehatan, pemuda, dan perwakilan organisasi lokal. Intervensi dilakukan melalui edukasi tematik, diskusi kelompok, refleksi lapangan, serta penyusunan komitmen bersama. Evaluasi hasil dilakukan dengan membandingkan kondisi pengetahuan dan sikap sebelum dan sesudah kegiatan serta analisis naratif terhadap refleksi peserta. Kegiatan menunjukkan peningkatan pengetahuan pada berbagai aspek, termasuk dampak merokok pada ibu hamil, remaja, penyakit menular, dan beban ekonomi keluarga. Sikap peserta juga berubah positif, ditandai dengan meningkatnya kesediaan menjadi teladan, memberikan edukasi, dan mendukung penerapan Kawasan Tanpa Rokok (KTR). Refleksi lapangan memperlihatkan bahwa hambatan perubahan perilaku merokok bukan kurangnya informasi, tetapi pengaruh lingkungan dan kebiasaan sosial. Agen perubahan terbukti berperan sebagai strategi pemberdayaan masyarakat. Melalui pendekatan ini, terbentuk kesadaran, komitmen kolektif, serta potensi dukungan terhadap kebijakan pengendaliannya.


Kata Kunci: Agen Perubahan, Pemberdayaan Masyarakat, Merokok, PTM

 

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases continue to rise in Indonesia, with smoking identified as a major risk factor. Tobacco control requires not only regulations but also active community engagement. This study highlights the role of change agents as a strategy for community empowerment in smoking prevention and NCD control. The program was implemented in May 2024 in the working area of Cibinong Health Center, Bogor District, involving 20 selected change agents consisting of community leaders, health cadres, youth, and representatives of local organizations. Interventions included thematic education, group discussions, field reflections, and the development of collective commitments. Evaluation was based on pre- and post-activity comparisons of knowledge and attitudes, complemented by narrative analysis of participant reflections. Results showed improved understanding on the health and social impacts of smoking, including its effects on pregnant women, adolescents, communicable diseases, and household economic burdens. Positive changes in attitudes were also observed, such as greater willingness to act as role models, deliver education, and support smoke-free area initiatives. Field reflections revealed that environmental influences and social norms, rather than lack of information, were the main barriers to behavior change. Overall, change agents proved effective in fostering awareness, collective commitment, and support for tobacco control policies.

 


Keywords


Agent of Change, Community Empowerment, Smoking, Non-Communicable Diseases

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.20527/jpmp.v3i4.16799

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