Potensi Ekstrak Kelakai (Stenochlaena palustris (Burm.F) Bedd) terhadap Kadar Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alfa (TNF-α) pada Mencit BALB/c yang Diinfeksi Plasmodium berghei ANKA

Denny P.N.H. Margono, Eko Suhartono, Heny Arwati

Abstract


Abstract: Malaria remains a major public health problem in most tropical and subtropical countries, including Indonesia. Severe malaria has a high mortality rate despite treatment with effective antimalarial drug. Pro-inflammatory cytokines such as Tumor Necrosis Factor-alfa (TNF-α) is raised in severe malaria.  In South Kalimantan, the kelakai (Stenochlaena palustris (Burm.f) Bedd) has few uses for treat fever and infectious diseases.  It contains bioactive substances, such as flavonoids, steroids, and alkaloids which have been reported to exert multiple biological effects, including anti-inflammatory action.   The aim of this study is to find out the potential of kelakai extract (KE) againts TNF-α level in BALB/c mice infected P. berghei ANKA. The research is true experimental study, Posttest-only with Control Group Design. Teatment groups were devided into 4 groups treated with 10 mg/kg BW, 100 mg/kg BW of KE, and 36,4 mg/kg BW artesunate orally (positive control), 3 hours post infection and when parasitemia reached 15-20%. Negative controls were without KE treatment and P. berghei infection. Treatment were given for four days. Blood was collected 24 hours after the last treatment. Plasma TNF-α level were measured by sandwich ELISA. Data was analyzed by using Kruskal-Wallis Test, confidence rate at 95%.  There was a significant different between treatment groups, where p = 0,000 (p < 0,05). KE potential to inhibit TNF-α production in Pb3K100A- group (p = 0,047).

Keywords : Malaria,  TNF-α, Stenochlaena palustris

Abstrak:  Malaria masih menjadi masalah kesehatan utama pada sebagian besar negara tropis dan subtropis, termasuk Indonesia.  Malaria berat menyebabkan angka kematian yang tinggi meskipun telah mendapat obat anti malaria yang efektif.  Sitokin pro-inflamasi seperti TNF-α meningkat pada malaria berat.  Di Kalimantan Selatan, tanaman kelakai digunakan untuk mengobati demam dan penyakit infeksi.  Kelakai mengandung senyawa-senyawa bioaktif  antara lain flavonoid, steroid, dan alkaloid yang dilaporkan banyak memiliki efek biologis, termasuk aktivitas anti-inflamasi.  Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui potensi ekstrak kelakai terhadap kadar TNF-α pada mencit BALB/c yang diinfeksi P. berghei ANKA.  Penelitian ini merupakan studi eksperimental murni dengan Posttest-only with Control Group Design.  Kelompok perlakuan dibagi menjadi 4 yaitu kelompok yang mendapat ekstrak kelakai per oral 10 mg/kg BB, 100 mg/kg BB, artesunat 36,4 mg/kg BB (kontrol positif) 3 jam setelah infeksi dan pada saat parasitemia mencapai 15-20%.  Kontrol negatif  tidak mendapat ekstrak kelakai, artesunat, dan infeksi parasit.  Perlakuan diberikan selama 4 hari.  Sampel darah diambil 24 jam setelah perlakuan terakhir.  Kadar TNF-α diukur dengan ELISA metode sandwich.  Data dianalisa dengan Uji Kruskal-Wallis, dengan tingkat kepercayaan 95%.  Terdapat perbedaan bermakna antar kelompok perlakuan, nilai p = 0,000 (p<0,05).  Ekstrak kelakai berpotensi menghambat produksi TNF-α pada kelompok Pb3K100A- (p = 0,047). 

Kata-kata kunci : Malaria, TNF-α, Stenochlaena palustris

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/jbk.v12i1.359

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