Perbandingan Perubahan Kepekaan Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 Pada Pemaparan Amoksisilin-Asam Klavulanat Dan Eritromisin Kadar Subinhibisi In Vitro

Abstract

ABSTRACT: Staphylococcus aureus is an organism that causes infections that can spread widely in the human body. The therapy for infection by S. aureus is amoxicillin-clavulanic acid or erythromycin, but resistance has been reported to both of them, and one of the causes was exposure to subinhibitory level of antibiotic. This study was aimed to determine whether there were any changes in the sensitivity of S. aureus ATCC 25923 caused by the exposure to subinhibitory level of amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and erythromycin and to compare the time needed to cause changes in sensitivity between the two antibiotics. It was an experimental study, using a completely randomized design, which consisted of 14 treatments based on duration of exposure, with three repetitions. Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method was used to evaluate the inhibitory effect. The result showed that there were changes in the sensitivity of S. aureus ATCC 25923 after being exposed to subinhibitory level of both antibiotics, and exposure to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid caused faster changes in sensitivity compared with exposure to erythromycin. Data analysis using the Mann-Whitney test indicated that there was a significant difference between the exposure to subinhibitory level of the two antibiotics (p = 0.025). It was concluded that there was a significant difference in changes in sensitivity of S. aureus ATCC 25923 caused by in vitro exposure to subinhibitory level of amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and erythromycin.

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Keywords: amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, erythromycin, sensitivity, Staphylococcus aureus, subinhibitory level

ABSTRAK: Staphylococcus aureus merupakan organisme penyebab infeksi yang dapat menyebar luas. Terapi untuk infeksi oleh S. aureus diantaranya adalah antibiotik amoksisilin-asam klavulanat atau eritromisin. Telah dilaporkan adanya resistensi pada kedua antibiotik tersebut dan salah satu penyebabnya adalah akibat pengaruh antibiotik kadar subinhibisi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui ada tidaknya perubahan kepekaan pada S. aureus ATCC 25923 pada pemaparan amoksisilin-asam klavulanat dan eritromisin kadar subinhibisi dan membandingkan waktu yang diperlukan yang dapat menimbulkan perubahan kepekaan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental, menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap, terdiri dari 14 perlakuan antibiotik berdasarkan lama pemaparan dan pengulangan sebanyak 3 kali. Metode ujinya adalah metode difusi Kirby Bauer. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perubahan kepekaan pada S. aureus ATCC 25923 setelah dipaparkan pada antibiotik kadar subinhibisi, dan pada pemaparan antibiotik amoksisilin-asam klavulanat memerlukan waktu lebih cepat untuk menimbulkan perubahan kepekaan dibandingkan dengan pemaparan kadar subinhibisi eritromisin. Hasil uji Mann-Whitney menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara pemaparan amoksisilin-asam klavulanat dan eritromisin kadar subinhibisi in vitro (p = 0,025). Dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan perubahan kepekaan S. aureus ATCC 25923 pada pemaparan amoksisilin-asam klavulanat dan eritromisin kadar subinhibisi in vitro.

Kata kunci: amoksisilin-asam klavulanat, eritromisin, kadar subinhibisi, kepekaan, Staphylococcus aureus