Hubungan Karakteristik Pengguna Jalan Korban Kecelakaan Lalu Lintas Darat dengan Derajat Keparahan Cedera Kepala: Tinjauan Terhadap Pasien Cedera Kepala di RSUD Ulin Banjarmasin Periode Juni - September 2013
Abstract
ABSTRACT: Head injury is the leading cause of death and long-term disability. Head injuries can occur due to various reasons one of which is traffic accidents. Accidents can happen in a variety of road users such as pedestrians, cyclists, passenger vehicles, motorcyclists and car drivers. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of road users characteristics with the severity of head injuries in emergency room of Ulin Hospital. The study design was an analytic descriptive with cross sectional approach. The number of samples in this study were 121 people who were taken in accordance with the inclusion and exclusion criteria using consecutive sampling method. Most of road users who suffered head injury were 97 persons motorcyclists (80.1%), followed by 15 pedestrians (12.4%), 4 cyclists and car drivers (3.3%) as well as 1 passenger vehicle (0.8%). Most of patients had mild head injury (59.5%) followed by moderate head injury (24.8%) and severe head injury (15.7%). Based on the results, pedestrians had the most severe head injuries, while the vehicle passenger and the car driver had the mildest head injuries. Based on statistical tests, there were no significant relationship between the characteristics of the traffic aaccident victim with head injury severity, p = 0.070 (p <0.05). It can be concluded that all road users are at risk for severe head injury so that all road users are required to be careful on the highway.
Key words: road traffic accident, road users, head injury, GCS
ABSTRAK: Cedera kepala merupakan penyebab utama kematian dan kecacatan jangka panjang. Cedera kepala dapat terjadi akibat berbagai sebab salah satunya Kecelakaan Lalu Lintas Darat (KLLD). Kecelakaan dapat terjadi pada berbagai pengguna jalan seperti pejalan kaki, pengguna sepeda, penumpang mobil, pengendara sepeda motor dan pengendara mobil. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan karakteristik pengguna jalan KLLD dengan derajat keparahan cedera kepala di IGD RSUD Ulin. Rancangan penelitian ini adalah deskriptif analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Jumlah sampel pada penelitian ini adalah 121 orang yang diambil sesuai kriteria inklusi eksklusi dengan metode consecutive sampling. Pengendara sepeda motor merupakan pengguna jalan terbanyak yang mengalami cedera kepala yaitu 97 orang (80,1%) disusul oleh pejalan kaki 15 orang (12,4 %), pengguna sepeda dan pengendara mobil 4 orang (3,3%) serta penumpang mobil 1 orang (0,8 %). Derajat cedera kepala yang terbanyak adalah cedera kepala ringan (59,5%) disusul cedera kepala sedang (24,8 %) dan cedera kepala berat (15,7 %). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian kelompok pejalan kaki mengalami cedera kepala paling berat, sedangkan penumpang dan pengendara mobil merupakan kelompok dengan cedera kepala teringan. Berdasarkan uji statistik, tidak terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara karakteristik korban KLLD dengan derajat keparahan cedera kepala, p = 0,070 (p < 0,05). Dapat disimpulkan bahwa semua pengguna jalan memiliki risiko untuk mengalami cedera kepala yang berat sehingga seluruh pengguna jalan wajib berhati-hati di jalan raya.
Kata-kata kunci: kecelakaan lalu lintas darat, pengguna jalan, cedera kepala, GCS
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/jbk.v10i12.967
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