KETERAMPILAN MENULIS KRITIS UNTUK MEMPERSIAPKAN MAHASISWA PADA PENULISAN AKADEMIK PROFESIONAL (THE USE OF CRITICAL WRITING SKILLS TO PREPARE STUDENTS FOR PROFESSIONAL ACADEMIC WRITING)

Nurul Shofiah, Rizka Amaliah, Zulmy Faqihuddin Putera

Abstract


 

Abstract

The use of critical writing skills to prepare students for professional academic writing. Writing academic texts needs to consider critical thinking positions. Critical thinking is a way to see things proportionally and objectively. Students have good critical thinking skills to do good writing. In writing academic texts, students tend to have difficulty integrating various reference sources into a unified whole to support arguments and ideas in writing, especially in the background, tend to be disorganized and incoherent, have difficulty finding previous research that supports the problem, and choose theory as a framework. This study aims to use critical writing skills to prepare students for professional academic writing. The presentation uses a literature review approach. The database or dataset used for literature research is the Google Scholar in Perish or Publish (PoP) application. Articles that are relevant to the research objectives 31 articles. The findings show that, first, descriptive writing involves describing information and phenomena in detail without argumentation. In contrast, critical writing involves analyzing and linking various pieces of information to understand the problem or topic chosen, learning to gain multiperspective understanding. Second, to prepare students for professional academic writing, an understanding of critical writing skills is needed, namely paraphrasing, explaining, concluding, analyzing, and synthesizing in writing academic texts. Third, the need to provide real feedback from lecturers and colleagues to increase self-confidence, as well as to habituate patterns of critical writing skills.

Keywords: writing, critical writing, academic text, academic writing

 

Abstrak

Keterampilan menulis kritis untuk mempersiapkan mahasiswa pada penulisan akademik profesional. Menulis teks akademik perlu mempertimbangkan posisi berpikir kritis. Berpikir kritis adalah cara untuk melihat sesuatu secara proporsional dan objektif. Mahasiswa dapat dikatakan memiliki pemikiran kritis yang baik sehingga mampu membuat tulisan yang baik. Dalam menulis teks akademik, mahasiswa cenderung mengalami kesulitan mengintegrasikan berbagai sumber referensi menjadi satu kesatuan yang utuh untuk mendukung argumentasi, gagasan, dalam tulisan terutama di latar belakang, cenderung tidak teratur dan tidak koheren, kesulitan menemukan penelitian sebelumnya yang mendukung masalah, dan memilih teori sebagai kerangka berpikir. Tulisan ini bermaksud untuk memahami bagaimana meningkatkan kualitas penulisan teks akademik dengan mengasah kemampuan berpikir kritis. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yakni menjelaskan pentingnya kerampilan menulis kritis untuk mempersiapkan mahasiswa dalam penulisan akademik secara professional. Pemaparan menggunakan pendekatan tinjauan literatur. Basis data atau dataset yang digunakan untuk penelitian literatur adalah aplikasi Google Scholar in Perish or Publish (PoP). Artikel yang relevan dengan tujuan penelitian sebanyak 31 artikel. Hasil temuan menunjukkan bahwa, pertama, menulis deskriptif melibatkan kegiatan mendeskripsikan informasi dan fenomena secara mendetail tanpa disertai argumentasi, sedangkan penulisan kritis melibatkan analisis dan menghubungkan  berbagai informasi untuk memahami masalah atau topik yang dipilih, serta belajar untuk mendapatkan pemahaman multiperspektif. Kedua, mempersiapkan mahasiswa untuk penulisan akademik profesional, diperlukan pemahaman keterampilan menulis kritis, yaitu parafrase, menjelaskan, menyimpulkan, menganalisis, dan menyintesis dalam menulis teks akademik. Ketiga, perlunya pemberian umpan balik nyata dari dosen dan rekan untuk meningkatkan rasa percaya diri, serta pembiasan pola keterampilan menulis kritis.

Kata-kata kunci: menulis; tulisan kritis; teks akademik, penulisan akademik


Full Text:

PDF

References


Ahmatika, D. (2017). Peningkatan kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa dengan pendekatan inquiry/discovery. Euclid, 3(1), 394–403. https://doi.org/10.33603/e.v3i1.324

Akbar, M. T. (2020). Students’ paraphrasing in the literature review section of research proposal. Jambura Journal of English Teaching and Literature, 1(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.37905/jetl.v1i1.5150

Ataç, B. A. (2015). From descriptive to critical writing: A study on the effectiveness of advanced reading and writing instruction. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 199, 620–626. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.07.588

Aulia, V., & Kuzairi, K. (2021). Keterampilan berpikir kritis mahasiswa dalam menulis esai. Jurnal Ilmiah Profesi Pendidikan, 6(3), 350–359. https://doi.org/10.29303/jipp.v6i3.220

Badiozaman, A. ;, & Fatimawati, I. (2014). Paraphrasing challenges faced by Malaysian ESL students. Issues in Language Studies, 3(2). https://doi.org/10.33736/ils.1662.2014

Bailey, A., Zanchetta, M., Velasco, D., Pon, G., & Hassan, A. (2015). Building a scholar in writing (BSW): A model for developing students’ critical writing skills. Nurse Education in Practice, 15(6), 524–529. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.NEPR.2015.07.008

Caffarella, R. S., & Barnett, B. G. (2000). Teaching doctoral students to become scholarly writers: The importance of giving and receiving critiques. Studies in Higher Education, 25(1), 39–52. https://doi.org/10.1080/030750700116000

Çavdar, G., & Doe, S. (2012). Learning through writing: Teaching critical thinking skills in writing assignments. PS - Political Science and Politics, 45(2), 298–306. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1049096511002137

Çelik, S. (2020). Building critical academic writing skills: The impact of instructor feedback on Turkish ELT graduate students. Tesl-Ej, 24(3).

Cohen, B. A. (2017). Point of view: How should novelty be valued in science? In eLife (Vol. 6). https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.28699

CÖMERT, M., & KUTLU, Ö. (2018). The Effect of self-assessment on achievement in writing in english. Journal of Educational Sciences Research, 8(1), 107–118. https://doi.org/10.22521/jesr.2018.81.4

Cumming, A., Lai, C., & Cho, H. (2016). Students’ writing from sources for academic purposes: A synthesis of recent research. Journal of English for Academic Purposes, 23, 47–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeap.2016.06.002

Endah Tri Priyatni, & Nurhadi. (2017). Membaca kritis dan literasi kritis. In T. Anggota IKAPI.

Facione, P. a. (2011). Critical thinking : What It is and why it counts. In Insight assessment (Sixth, Issue ISBN 13: 978-1-891557-07-1.). Measurement Reason LCC and Insight Assessment. https://www.insightassessment.com/CT-Resources/Teaching-For-and-About-Critical-Thinking/Critical-Thinking-What-It-Is-and-Why-It-Counts/Critical-Thinking-What-It-Is-and-Why-It-Counts-PDF

Fauzi, A., & Wicaksono, A. G. C. (2021). The profile of students HOTS at Malang, Indonesia in responding to higher-thinking biology questions. Biosfer, 14(2). https://doi.org/10.21009/biosferjpb.21030

Hartanti, T., & Damaianti, V. S. (2018). Pembelajaran menulis kritis: analisis strategi pembelajaran menulis kritis dengan analogi karakteristik bunga matahari. In Seminar Internasional Riksa …. http://proceedings.upi.edu/index.php/riksabahasa/article/download/275/263

Haseli, Z., & Rezaii, F. (2013). The Effect of teaching critical thinking on educational achievement and test anxiety among junior high school students in Saveh. European Online Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, 2(2), 168–175. http://www.european-science.com168

Hatmiati, H. (2018). Peranan menulis jurnal untuk meningkatkan kemampuan menulis narasi (role of journal writing to enhance narrative writing ability). Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra Dan Pembelajarannya, 3(2), 271. https://doi.org/10.20527/jbsp.v3i2.4561

Huisman, B., Saab, N., van Driel, J., & van den Broek, P. (2018). Peer feedback on academic writing: undergraduate students’ peer feedback role, peer feedback perceptions and essay performance. Assessment and Evaluation in Higher Education, 43(6), 955–968. https://doi.org/10.1080/02602938.2018.1424318

Hyland, K. (2013). Writing in the university: Education, knowledge and reputation. Language Teaching, 46(1), 53–70. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0261444811000036

Jabri, U., & Ismail, I. (2021). Dampak Peer Review dan Lecturer Corrective Feedback pada Kinerja Penulisan Artikel Ilmiah Mahasiswa. Edumaspul: Jurnal Pendidikan, 5(2), 579–592. https://doi.org/10.33487/edumaspul.v5i2.2182

Kellogg, R. T. (2008). Training writing skills: A cognitive developmental perspective. Journal of Writing Research, 1(1), 1–26. https://doi.org/10.17239/jowr-2008.01.01.1

Knowles, J., & McGloin, S. (2007). Developing critical analysis skills in academic writing. Nursing Standard (Royal College of Nursing (Great Britain) : 1987), 21(52), 35–37. https://doi.org/10.7748/ns2007.09.21.52.35.c6595

Kuyyogsuy, S. (2019). Promoting Peer feedback in developing students’ english writing ability in L2 writing class. International Education Studies, 12(9), 76. https://doi.org/10.5539/ies.v12n9p76

Lee, M. K. (2015). Peer feedback in second language writing: Investigating junior secondary students’ perspectives on inter-feedback and intra-feedback. System, 55, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2015.08.003

Leicester, U. (2013). Learning Development Centre. http://www2.le.ac.uk/offices/ld/resources/writing/writing-resources/

Liu, F., Du, J., Zhou, D. Q., & Huang, B. (2021). Exploiting the potential of peer feedback: The combined use of face-to-face feedback and e-feedback in doctoral writing groups. Assessing Writing, 47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asw.2020.100482

Liu, P. (2019). Study on the Significance and Development Strategies of Critical Thinking in English Writing. 75(Icem 2018), 339–341. https://doi.org/10.2991/icem-18.2019.89

Martin, J. R., & Veel, R. (1998). Reading Science: Critical and Functional Perspectives on Discourses of Science. https://philpapers.org/rec/MARRSC-4

McMillan, L. R., & Raines, K. (2011). Using the “write” resources: Nursing student evaluation of an interdisciplinary collaboration using a professional writing assignment. Journal of Nursing Education, 50(12), 697–702. https://doi.org/10.3928/01484834-20110930-01

Mohammed, M. F. (2020). Scaffolding with Online Tasks for Developing Critical Writing Skills of 2nd Year Secondary School Students. المجلة التربوية لکلية التربية بسوهاج, 76(76), 71–140. https://doi.org/10.21608/edusohag.2020.103726

Mostert, L. A., & Townsend, R. (2018). Embedding the teaching of academic writing into anthropology lectures. Innovations in Education and Teaching International, 55(1), 82–90. https://doi.org/10.1080/14703297.2016.1231619

Murawski, L. M. (2014). Critical Thinking in the classroom…and beyond. Journal of Learning in Higher Education, 10(1), 25–30. https://doi.org/10.1353/jge.2006.0009

Nejmaoui, N. (2018). Improving EFL Learners’ Critical Thinking Skills in Argumentative Writing. English Language Teaching, 12(1), 98. https://doi.org/10.5539/elt.v12n1p98

Nisa, R. (2017). the use of picture to improve the grade eight students’ ability in writing recount texts at Mtsn Kelayan Banjarmasin of 2015/2016 Academic Year (Penggunaan Gambar Untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Siswa Kelas Viii Dalam Menulis Teks Recount Di Mtsn Kelayan Ban. Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra Dan Pembelajarannya, 6(2), 315. https://doi.org/10.20527/jbsp.v6i2.3761

Noroozi, O., Hatami, J., Bayat, A., van Ginkel, S., Biemans, H. J. A., & Mulder, M. (2020). Students’ online argumentative peer feedback, essay writing, and content learning: does gender matter? In Interactive Learning Environments (Vol. 28, Issue 6, pp. 698–712). https://doi.org/10.1080/10494820.2018.1543200

Nosich, G. M. (2022). Critical writing: A guide to writing a paper using the concepts and processes of critical thinking. In Paper Knowledge . Toward a Media History of Documents (pp. 5–24). https://philpapers.org/rec/NOSCWA

Nour Mohammadi, E., & Zare, Z. (2014). The relationship between critical thinking ability and listening comprehension ability of Iranian EFL learners. International Journal of Research Studies in Language Learning, 4(3), 12–18. https://doi.org/10.5861/ijrsll.2014.903

Nurwardani, P., Wiratno, T., Purnanto;, D., DamaiantI;, Mulyono;, Evawany;, Priyautama, F., & Festanto, A. (2016). Buku ajar mata kuliah wajib umum bahasa Indonesia. In Direktorat Jenderal Pembelajaran dan Kemahasiswaan Kementerian Riset, Teknologi, dan Pendidikan Tinggi Republik Indonesia. Direktorat Jenderal Pembelajaran dan Kemahasiswaan Kementrian Riset Teknologi dan Pendidikan Tinggi. https://edukasi.pajak.go.id/images/perguruan_tinggi/Bahasa_Indonesia.pdf

Özelçi, S. Y., & Çalışkan, G. (2019). What is critical thinking? A longitudinal study with teacher candidates. International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education, 8(3), 495–509. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijere.v8i3.20254

Padmanabha, C. H. (2018). Critical thinking: Conceptual framework. I-Manager’s Journal on Educational Psychology, 11(4), 45–53.

Paul, R., & Elder, L. (2001a). The international critical thinking test (Second). Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. https://rowman.com/ISBN/9780944583326/The-International-Critical-Thinking-Reading-and-Writing-Test-Second-Edition

Paul, R., & Elder, L. (2001b). The International critical thinking test (Second, p. 15).

Qasrawi, R., & Beniabdelrahman, A. (2020). The higher and lower-order thinking skills in unlock english textbooks. International Online Journal of Education and Teaching (IOJET, 7(3), 744–758.

Rahman, F., Qura, U., & Ibrahim, N. (2022). Survei intensitas menulis caption di instagram mahasiswa pendidikan bahasa dan sastra indonesia FKIP Uhamka (Caption Writing Intensity Survey on Instagram By Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia’S Students At Fkip Uhamka). Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra Dan Pembelajarannya, 12(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.20527/jbsp.v12i1.13041

Ratnadewi, D., & Yunianti, S. (2019). Indonesian student teachers’ critical thinking skills in text analysis with CDA approach. Humanities and Social Sciences Reviews, 7(3), 424–431. https://doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2019.7362

Rattray, J. (2012). The Study Skills Handbook. Nurse Education in Practice, 12(1), e6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nepr.2011.07.003

Reynders, G., Lantz, J., Ruder, S. M., Stanford, C. L., & Cole, R. S. (2020). Rubrics to assess critical thinking and information processing in undergraduate STEM courses. International Journal of STEM Education, 7(1), 9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40594-020-00208-5

Ryan, M. (2011). Improving reflective writing in higher education: A social semiotic perspective. Teaching in Higher Education, 16(1), 99–111. https://doi.org/10.1080/13562517.2010.507311

Shahsavar, Z., & Kourepaz, H. (2020). Postgraduate students’ difficulties in writing their theses literature review. Cogent Education, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2020.1784620

Shi, L., Fazel, I., & Kowkabi, N. (2018). Paraphrasing to transform knowledge in advanced graduate student writing. English for Specific Purposes, 51, 31–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esp.2018.03.001

Soozandehfar, M., & Adeli, M. R. (2017). Nigerian Pidgin English: Multi-prepositional functionality of “fo” among Nigerian Staff of Ces in Manchaster. American Research Journal of English and Literature, 2, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.21694/2378-9026.16014

Sulistyaningrum, S. D. (2021). Utilizing Online Paraphrasing Tools to Overcome Students’ Paraphrasing Difficulties in Literature Reviews. Journal of English Language Studies, 6(2), 229. https://doi.org/10.30870/jels.v6i2.11582

Thomas, T. (2011). Developing first year students’ critical thinking skills. Asian Social Science, 7(4), 26–33. https://doi.org/10.5539/ass.v7n4p26

University of Hull. (2020). Descriptive vs critical - Critical writing-LibGuides. LibGuides at University of Hull. https://libguides.hull.ac.uk/criticalwriting/descriptive-critical

Vyncke, M. (2012). The concept and practice of critical thinking in academic writing: an investigation of international students’ perceptions and writing experiences. International Online Journal of Primary Education, 8(1), 1–30. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5457-5286

Wafiya, F., As’ari, A., & Kheryadi, K. (2021). An analysis of supporting arguments on student’s critical writing. Indonesian Journal of English Studies, 1(2), 53–61. http://103.20.188.221/index.php/ijes/article/view/3912

Watson, G., & Glaser, E. M. (2008). Watson-Glaser short form manual. In Analyst The. Pearson Education, Inc.

Widarsih, S., & Suherdi, D. (2019). Analisis umpan balik tertulis guru pada tulisan siswa dalam teks recount. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan, 19(3), 434–444. https://doi.org/10.17509/jpp.v19i3.22336

Wijayati, P. H., & Lestari, F. A. (2021). Critical Thinking Ability of German Literature Departement’s Students of Universitas Negeri Malang in Writing Thesis. Journal of Development Research, 5(2), 164–170. https://doi.org/10.28926/jdr.v5i2.153

Wingate, U. (2012). “Argument!” helping students understand what essay writing is about. Journal of English for Academic Purposes, 11(2), 145–154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeap.2011.11.001

Wiratno, T., Purnanto, D., & Damaianti, V. S. (2014). Bahasa Indonesia: Ekspresi Diri dan Akademik. Kemendikbud.

Woodhouse, J., & Wood, P. (2022). Creating dialogic spaces: developing doctoral students’ critical writing skills through peer assessment and review. Studies in Higher Education, 47(3), 643–655. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2020.1779686

Yunus;, W. M., & Miza, W. N. (2020). Written corrective feedback in English compositions: Teachers’ practices and students’ expectations. English Language Teaching Educational Journal, 3(2), 95. https://doi.org/10.12928/eltej.v3i2.2255

Zuriati, D. (2017). Kesulitan menulis proposal oleh mahasiswa STIBA Persada Bunda Pekanbaru. Menara Ilmu, IX(74), 7–18. https://doi.org/10.33559/MI.V11I74.71




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/jbsp.v13i2.15534

Article Metrics

Abstract view : 992 times
PDF - 492 times

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


INDEXED BY:

                                                   

   

OAI 2.0

 

 

 

Flag Counter

Visitors Statistic

 

Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra, dan Pembelajarannya (JBSP) by Program Studi Magister Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia Universitas Lambung Mangkurat is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International