TINDAK TUTUR DALAM WACANA BIMBINGAN PRANIKAH DI KANTOR URUSAN AGAMA (KUA) KABUPATEN BALANGAN

Abstract

Abstract
This study focused on assertive speech acts, directive speech acts, commissive speech
acts, expressive speech acts, and declarative speech acts used in pre-marital counseling
discourse. This research is expected to provide a description of these speech acts. This
research used a qualitative approach. The source of data in this study was the KUA
officials who gave pre-marital counseling in KUA of Balangan. The data collection
techniques in this research were recording and note-taking. From the results of the
research, it was concluded that there were five types from Searle of speech acts used in
a pre-marital counseling, namely: (1) assertive speech acts in the forms of a)
maintaining marriage, b) stating the purpose of marriage, marriage problems, the
importance of marriage certificates, understanding the Board of Advisory, about
husband and wife, and c) reporting ages of marriage; (2) directive speech acts in the
forms of a) suggestions to get married, resolving marriage problems, and forming
harmonious marriage, b) asking for forming and fostering sakinah, mawadah,
warahmah marriage, and worshiping Allah, c) asking couples for carrying out the
duties and obligations as husband and wife, and d) recommending marriage, carrying
out duties and obligations of husband, wives, and carrying out joint obligations; (3)
commissive speech acts in the form of submitting proposals for a marriage contract; (4)
expressive speech acts in the forms of a) thanking prospective brides and grooms, b)
congratulating couples, c) regretting if the reasons for marriage, d) apologizing to
married couples, and e) censuring married couples who did not apply mandi wajib and
wives; and (5) declarative speech acts in the form of determining whether the marriage
would be held or not and deciding the marriage of the couples.
Key words: speech acts, premarital guidance discourse
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Abstrak
Penelitian ini memfokuskan pada tindak tutur asertif, ekspresif, dan tindak tutur
deklaratif yang digunakan dalam wacana bimbingan pranikah. Penelitian ini
diharapkan dapat memberikan deskripsi tentang tindak tutur tersebut. Penelitian ini
menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Sumber data dalam penelitian ini adalah dalam
petugas KUA yang memberikan bimbingan pranikah di KUA Kabupaten Balangan.
Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini ialah dengan teknik rekam dan teknik
catat. Dari hasil penelitian, dapat disimpulkan ada lima jenis tindak tutur menurut
Searle yang digunakan dalam bimbingan pranikah, yakni: (1) tindak tutur asertif
berupa a) mempertahankan rumah tangga, b) menyatakan tujuan menikah, masalah
rumah tangga, pentingnya buku nikah, dan tentang suami istri, dan c) melaporkan usia
menikah; (2) tindak tutur direktif berupa a) menyuruh nikah/kawin, menyelesaikan
permasalahan rumah tangga, dan membentuk rumah tangga yang harmonis, b)
memohon membentuk dan membina rumah tangga yang sakinah, mawadah, warahmah,
dan beribadah kepada Allah Swt., c) menuntut melaksanakan tugas dan kewajiban
suami, istri, dan syarat poligami, dan d) menyarankan menikah/kawin, melaksanakan
tugas dan kewajiban suami, istri, dan kewajiban bersama.; (3) tindak tutur komisif
berupa mengajukan usulan melanjutkan, menunda, atau membatalkan akad nikah; (4)
tindak tutur ekspresif berupa a) terima kasih pada calon pengantin, b) mengucapkan
selamat menempuh hidup baru kepada pasangan pengantin, c) menyesalkan alasan
pernikahan, d) permintaan maaf pada pasangan suami istri, dan e) mengecam
pasangan suami istri tidak melaksanakan mandi wajib dan suka berselisih.; dan (5)
tindak tutur deklaratif berupa memutuskan akan berlangsungnya
pernikahan/perkawinan dan memutuskan nikah/kawinnya pasangan pengantin.
Kata-kata kunci: tindak tutur, wacana bimbingan pranikah