The relationship between food intake and psychological performance in martial arts student athletes

Imtiyaz Irbatunnisa; Hurry Mega Insani; Isti Kumalasari; Mochammad Rizki Sentani

doi:10.20527/multilateral.v24i3.23483

The relationship between food intake and psychological performance in martial arts student athletes

Imtiyaz Irbatunnisa, Hurry Mega Insani, Isti Kumalasari, Mochammad Rizki Sentani

Abstract

This study aims to determine the relationship between macronutrient intake and psychological performance in adolescent martial arts athletes. This study uses a cross-sectional method with a quantitative approach, involving student martial athletes in grades 10-12 of SMAN 10 Bandung. This study consisted of 22 male athletes and 18 female athletes. Data collection was conducted through two 24-hour food recall interviews and psychological performance questionnaires, which the athletes themselves completed. The research data were tested by Spearman’s rank bivariate analysis. The results of data collection showed that the mean of energy consumption in adolescent athletes was 1782.5 kcal; protein intake was 57.9 g; fat intake was 66.2 g; and carbohydrate intake was 191.5 g. The results showed a significant relationship (p value ≤ 0.05) between the variables of energy, protein, and carbohydrate intake with psychological performance. In contrast, fat intake was found to be unrelated to psychological performance. Therefore, it can be concluded that the better the fulfillment of energy, protein, and carbohydrate intake, the better the psychological performance that student martial arts athletes have.

Keywords

Eating disorders; food intake; performance; psychology; student athletes

Full Text:

PDF SIMILARITY CHECK

References

Al-Habsy, W. Z. R., Wandik, Y., Putra, M. F. P., Sinaga, F. S. G., Ita, S., Guntoro, T. S., & Putra, I. P. E. W. (2023). Tingkat Kecemasan Sebelum Pertandingan Pada Atlet Taekwondo. Multilateral : Jurnal Pendidikan Jasmani dan Olahraga, 22(4), 262-271. https://doi.org/10.20527/multilateral.v22i4.16471

Amawi, A., AlKasasbeh, W., Jaradat, M., Almasri, A., Alobaidi, S., Hammad, A. A., Bishtawi, T., Fataftah, B., Turk, N., Saoud, H. A., Jarrar, A., & Ghazzawi, H. (2024). Athletes' Nutritional Demands: A Narrative Review of Nutritional Requirements. Frontiers in nutrition, 10, 1331854. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2023.1331854

Andriyani, F., & Budiono, I. (2021). Beberapa Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Status Gizi Atlet Taekwondo. Indonesian Journal of Public Health and Nutrition, 1(3), 555–562.

http://journal.unnes.ac.id/sju/index.php/IJPHN

Ansari, E., Pathan, D., Godswill, E. (2024). The Role of Micronutrients In Athletic Performance. Acta Scientific Anatomy 3(7), 08-16. https://actascientific.com/ASAT/ASAT-03-0148.php

Borowiec, J., Banio-Krajnik, A., Malchrowicz-Mośko, E., & Kantanista, A. (2023). Eating Disorder Risk in Adolescent and Adult Female Athletes: The Role of Body Satisfaction, Sport Type, BMI, Level of Competition, and Training Background. BMC Sports Science, Medicine & Rehabilitation, 15(1), 91. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13102-023-00683-7

Cornelia, A., Hadi, & Yudhistira, D. (2025). Psychological Profile of Taekwondo Athletes: Cross–Sectional Study. ACTIVE: Journal of Physical Education, Sport, Health and Recreation, 14(2), 759–764. https://doi.org/10.15294/active.v14i2.29539

Desbrow, B. (2021). Youth Athlete Development and Nutrition. Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.), 51(Suppl 1), 3–12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-021-01534-6

Febriyana, S., & Sefrina, L. R. (2022). Literature Review: Pengaruh Pendidikan Gizi terhadap Pengetahuan dan Kesadaran Penderita Obesiats dalam Praktik Pemilihan Makan. Jurnal Gizi dan Kesehatan, 14(1), 62–71. https://doi.org/10.35473/jgk.v14i1.252

Friedman, N. P., & Robbins, T. W. (2022). The Role of Prefrontal Cortex in Cognitive Control and Executive Function. Neuropsychopharmacology: Official Publication of The American College of Neuropsychopharmacology, 47(1), 72–89. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41386-021-01132-0

Grebner, K., Michel-Kröhler, A., Werner, T., Berti, S., & Wessa, M. (2024). Differences in Predicting Athletic Burnout and in Moderating its Relationship with Life Satisfaction in Competitive and Leisure Athletes. Scientific Reports, 14(1), 24926. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-74908-1

Habekost, T., Ovesen, J., & Madsen, J. B. (2024). Cognition in Elite Soccer Players: A General Model. Frontiers in Psychology, 15, 1477262. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1477262

Hecht, C., Bank, N., Cook, B., & Mistovich, R. J. (2024). Nutritional Recommendations for the Young Athlete. Journal of the Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America, 5(1), 599. https://doi.org/10.55275/jposna-2023-599

Insel, P. M., Ross, D., McMahon, K., & Bernstein, M. (2021). Discovering Nutrition. Sixth Edit. Burlington, Massachusetts: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Jurov, I., Keay, N., Spudić, D., & Rauter, S. (2022). Inducing Low Energy Availability in Trained Endurance Male Athletes Results in Poorer Explosive Power. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 122(2), 503–513. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-021-04857-4

Kontele, I., & Vassilakou, T. (2021). Nutritional Risks among Adolescent Athletes with Disordered Eating. Children (Basel, Switzerland), 8(8), 715. https://doi.org/10.3390/children8080715

Mappanyukki, A. A., & Mutmainnah, M. (2021). Identifikasi Asupan Makanan Menggunakan Metode Recall 24 Jam dan Food Frequency Questionnaires (FFQ) pada Atlet. Seminar Nasional LP2M UNM, 9, 1811-1819. https://ojs.unm.ac.id/semnaslemlit/article/view/25418/12757

Mayangsari, S., Komarudin, K., Saputra, M. Y., & Novian, G. (2024). Self-Confidence and Peak Performance: A Descriptive Study on Young Basketball Athletes. Jorpres (Jurnal Olahraga Prestasi), 20(1), 80–85. https://doi.org/10.21831/jorpres.v20i1.72866

M, S., Rachaveti, D., S, A., & M, P. (2025). A Narrative Review on The Role of Cognition, Nutrition and Energy Availability in Athletes of Competitive Sports to Combat RED-S. PeerJ, 13, e18849. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.18849

Nakamura, Y., Yamasaki, S., Okada, N., Ando, S., Nishida, A., Kasai, K., & Koike, S. (2024). Macronutrient Intake is Associated with Intelligence and Neural Development in Adolescents. Frontiers in Nutrition, 11, 1349738. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2024.1349738

Nam, J. H., Kim, E. J., & Cho, E. H. (2022). Sport Psychological Skill Factors and Scale Development for Taekwondo Athletes. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(6), 3433. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19063433

Noakes, T. D. (2022). What Is the Evidence That Dietary Macronutrient Composition Influences Exercise Performance? A Narrative Review. Nutrients, 14(4), 862. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14040862

Özsarı, A., Kara, M., Dilek, A. N., Uysal, H., Tek, T., & Deli, Ş. C. (2024). Attitude Towards Healthy Nutrition and Mental Toughness: A Study of Taekwondo Athletes. Peerj, 12, e17174. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.17174

Putri, A. Z. H., Pratama, S. A., Wahjuni, E. S., & Dini, C. Y. (2024). Hubungan Asupan Karbohidrat dan Kadar Glukosa Darah Terhadap VO2 Max pada Atlet Sepak Bola Non-Elite. Jurnal SAGO Gizi dan Kesehatan, 5(3A), 623-632. https://dx.doi.org/10.30867/gikes.v5i3A.1718

Romanenko, V., Tropin, Y., Podrigalo, L., Boychenko, N., Abdula, A., Sereda, N., & Yatsiv, Y. (2025). Specific Features of Cognitive Skill Development in Athletes of Situational Sports. Pedagogy of Physical Culture and Sports, 29(3), 194–203. https://doi.org/10.15561/26649837.2025.0305

Sales, K. M., & Reimer, R. A. (2023). Unlocking a Novel Determinant of Athletic Performance: The Role of The Gut Microbiota, Short-Chain Fatty Acids, and "Biotics" in Exercise. Journal of Sport and Health Science, 12(1), 36–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jshs.2022.09.002

Spriet, L. L. (2022). Diet and Nutraceuticals for Mental and Physical Performance in Athletes. Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.), 52(Suppl 1), 1–3. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-022-01794-w

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/multilateral.v24i3.23483