Development of a phase f physical education textbook based on the merdeka curriculum using the addie model

Eko Fibriono; M.E. Winarno; Siti Nurrochmah

doi:10.20527/multilateral.v25i2.23942

Development of a phase f physical education textbook based on the merdeka curriculum using the addie model

Eko Fibriono, M.E. Winarno, Siti Nurrochmah

Abstract

Background. The main problem in this study is the lack of adequate Physical Education (PE) teaching materials for Phase F that are aligned with the Merdeka Curriculum learning outcomes. This limitation results in learning that is not student-centered, and teachers struggle to provide independent guidance that is appropriate for the school’s available facilities and infrastructure. Objectives. The objective of this study is to develop valid, practical, and effective Phase F Physical Education teaching materials for the Merdeka Curriculum at State Senior High School 4 Malang. Method. This study employed the R&D model based on the Analysis, Design, Develop, Implement, Evaluate (ADDIE) framework. Data collection involved direct observation, interviews, and questionnaires, utilizing both qualitative and quantitative data analysis techniques. Results. Validation results from subject matter experts yielded a score of 92% and from media experts, 94%, indicating that the textbook is highly valid in terms of content, presentation, and visual design. Additionally, the small-group pilot test yielded a percentage of 83.8% (categorized as “highly suitable/practical”), and the large-group pilot test yielded 88.2% (categorized as “highly suitable/effective”). Conclusion. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the Physical Education textbook is highly suitable, practical, and effective for use in learning activities. This textbook, which contains four chapters of content, visual images, integrated QR codes, and Student Activity Sheets (SAS), makes a significant contribution to facilitating differentiated learning and supporting students’ independence in movement literacy in accordance with the philosophy of modern physical education.

Keywords

textbook; basketball; badminton; javelin throw; physical fitness.

Full Text:

PDF SIMILARITY CHECK

References

Al Fathan, K. M., Andriani, K. M., Nurjanah, M., Munawaroh, R. Z., & Dewi, D. T. (2022). Analisis Materi Pendidikan Jasmani Olahraga dan Kesehatan (PJOK) untuk Sekolah Dasar. Edukatif: Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan, 4(5), 6914–6921. https://doi.org/10.31004/edukatif.v4i5.3392

Amalia, R., Angga, P. D., & Zain, M. I. (2024). Pengembangan Bahan Ajar PJOK Berbasis Komik Materi “Bahaya Merokok Bagi Kesehatan Tubuh” Untuk Siswa Kelas V. Multilateral: Jurnal Pendidikan Jasmani dan Olahraga. 23(1), 15–35. https://dx.doi.org/10.20527/multilateral.v23i1.17351

Amini, R. (2020). Textbook Development on Character-Based Active Learning Strategy using Tournament Type for Elementary School Student. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1567(4), 4–8. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1567/4/042036

Akdon, & Riduwan. (2015). Rumus dan Data dalam Aplikasi Statistika. Bandung: Alfabeta

Arif, V. R., Afnan, M., Usmiyatun, U., & Lestari, C. Y. (2023). Development of Social Studies Animation Video (S2AV) Teaching Materials on the Material “Plurality of Indonesian Society” for Junior High School Students. Assyfa Learning Journal, 1(1), 01–11. https://doi.org/10.61650/alj.v1i1.2

Arifin, Mashud, Herita, W., Muhammad, M., Abd, H., & Syamsul, A. (2023). E-Pub Bahan Ajar Penelitian Tindakan Berbasis P-Bl Meningkatkan Kemampuan Publikasi Mahasiswa. Multilateral: Jurnal Pendidikan Jasmani dan Olahraga, 22(3), 190–199. https://dx.doi.org/10.20527/multilateral.v22i3.16281

Arsil, A., Okilanda, A., Antoni, D., Fakhrur Rozi, M., Saputra, M., L Mortejo, A., … Suryadi, D. (2024). Effectiveness of Teaching Methods and Motor Abilities: an Experimental Study on Football Passing Ability. Retos, 54(SE-Artículos de carácter científico: trabajos de investigaciones básicas y/o aplicadas), 625–632. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v54.104407

Athaya, H., Dewantara, J., Husein, M., Taiar, R., Malek, N. F. A., & Shukla, M. (2023). Analysis of Physical Fitness in Students: A Comparative Study Based on Social Status. Tanjungpura Journal of Coaching Research, 1(3), 71–78. https://doi.org/10.26418/tajor.v1i3.66542

Bucher, C. A. (1983). Foundation Of Physical Education And Sport. The C.V Mosby Company.

Chao, T. Y., & Sung, Y. T. (2023). Testing the Uncertainty-of-Stress Model: Developing the Adolescent Uncertainty Scale for Taiwanese Adolescents. Asia-Pacific Edu Res 32, 531–544. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40299-022-00674-1

Cho, Y., & Clary, R. M. (2020). Challenges and Opportunities for Virtual Learning in College Geology. In Joel J. Mintzes (Ed.), Active Learning in College Science: The Case for Evidence-Based Practice. Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-33600-4_44

Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches. SAGE

Ding, R., Huang, R., & Deng, X. (2023). Multiple Pathways for Developing Functional Thinking in Elementary Mathematics Textbooks: A Case Study in China. Educational Studies in Mathematics, 114(2), 223–248. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10649-023-10237-w

Dwiyogo, W. D. (2008). Aplikasi Teknologi Pembelajaran Media Pembelajaran Penjas & Olahraga. Fakultas Ilmu Pendidikan. Universitas Negeri Malang

Ebrahim, T. Y., & Hussein, S. A.-H. J. A. (2025). The Effectiveness of Experiential Learning Strategy to Developing Some Fixed-Case Football Plans for Students. Tanjungpura Journal of Coaching Research, 3(2), 133–143. https://doi.org/10.26418/tajor.v3i2.90311

Gumara, O. H., & Wahyuri, A. S. (2022). Pengembangan E-Modul Mata Pembelajaran Pendidikan Jasmani Olahraga dan Kesehatan pada Materi Pokok Pola Hidup Sehat untuk Siswa Sekolah Menengah Pertama. Edukatif: Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan, 4(4), 6185-6192. https://doi.org/10.31004/edukatif.v4i4.3066

Hamid, A., & Alberida, A. (2021). Pentingnya Mengembangkan E-Modul Interaktif Berbasis Flipbook di Sekolah Menengah Atas. Edukatif: Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan, 3(3), 911-918. https://doi.org/10.31004/edukatif.v3i3.452

Hariyoko. (2003). Sejarah Olahraga dan Perkembangan Pendidikan Jasmani. Elang Emas.

Indriani, S., Utaminingsih, S., & Kanzunnudin, M. (2021). Development of Teaching Materials Based on Confidence Character Education for Improving Reading Skills of Grade IV Elementary Students. Jurnal Pajar (Pendidikan dan Pengajaran), 5(2). https://doi.org/10.33578/pjr.v5i2.8285

Juditya, S. (2023). Pendidikan Jasmani di Era Kurikulum Merdeka (Konsep dan Implementasi dari Sisi Model Pembelajaran). CV Pena Persada.

Kamahina, R. S., Yakovenko, T. V., & Daibova, E. V. (2019). Teacher’s Readiness to Work under the Conditions of Educational Space Digitalization. International Journal of Higher Education, 8(7), 79. https://doi.org/10.5430/ijhe.v8n7p79

Kholis, A., Lisan, K., & Azmi, U. (2024). Empowering Students through AI: Integrating Artificial Intelligence (AI) Tools in Academic Writing Classes. Conference: The 5th International Conference on Teacher Education and Professional Development (InCoTEPD) in collaboration with SEAMEO and JETAAt: Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta

Kusdianto, H., & Sari, R. L. I. (2019). Bahan Ajar Ergosistema Berbasis E-Learning Untuk Mahasiswa Program Studi Pendidikan Jasmani Kesehatan dan Rekreasi-Ibu. Multilateral Jurnal Pendidikan Jasmani dan Olahraga, 17(2), 58–62. https://doi.org/10.20527/multilateral.v17i2.5701

Li, X. (2015). Study on The Rational Use of a Rural Middle School Sports Venues and Sports Equipment Resources. Open Cybernetics and Systemics Journal, 9, 2897-2903. https://doi.org/10.2174/1874110X01509012897

Makaruk, H., Porter, J. M., Webster, E. K., Makaruk, B., Bodasińska, A., Zieliński, J., … Sadowski, J. (2023). The Fus Test: A Promising Tool for Evaluating Fundamental Motor Skills in Children and Adolescents. BMC Public Health, 23(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-16843-w

Martinez-Bello, V., & Molina-García, J. (2016). Representation of Physical Activity Domains and Sedentary Behaviours in Physical Education Textbooks: An Image Analysis. South African Journal for Research in Sport, Physical Education and Recreation, 38(2), 139–152.

Martín-Rodríguez, A., & Madrigal-Cerezo, R. (2025). Technology-Enhanced Pedagogy in Physical Education: Bridging Engagement, Learning, and Lifelong Activity. Education Sciences, 15(4), 409. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci15040409

McComas, W. F. (2014). Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA). In: McComas, W.F. (eds) The Language of Science Education. SensePublishers, Rotterdam. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6209-497-0_69

Mustafa, P. S., & Winarno, M. E. (2020). Pengembangan Buku Ajar Pengajaran Remedial dalam Pendidikan Jasmani Untuk Mahasiswa S1 Pendidikan Jasmani dan Kesehatan Universitas Negeri Malang. Multilateral Jurnal Pendidikan Jasmani dan Olahraga, 19(1). https://doi.org/10.20527/multilateral.v19i1.7629

Naylor, A. H., & Yeager, J. M. (2013). A 21st-Century Framework for Character Formation in Sports. Peabody Journal of Education, 88(2), 212–224. https://doi.org/10.1080/0161956X.2013.775878

Ockta, Y., & Mardesia, P. (2023). A Correlational Study: Pedagogical and Professional Competence of Physical Education Teachers in Relation to the Implementation of the Merdeka Curriculum. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 23(12), 3325–3331. https://doi.org/10.7752/jpes.2023.12380

Ramadoni, A., Yulkifli, & Ratnawulan. (2019). Development of Physics Module Sma/Ma Integrated Character Values Based on Discovery Learning Models with Approach Science Process Skills. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1185(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1185/1/012068

Saichudin. (2014). Stres Oksidatif Pemicu Utama Kematian Sel Purkinje Otak Kecil (Cerebellum). Jurnal Sport Science, 4(1), 5-11.

Salahuddin, M. F., Samuel, B. I., Bugingo, R., Spencer, D., Manzar, M. D., & BaHammam, A. S. (2025). The Mediating Role of Negative Mood Affect in the Relationship Between Perceived Stress and Vulnerability to Insomnia Among Student Pharmacist Shift Workers. Nature and science of sleep, 17, 649–662. https://doi.org/10.2147/NSS.S515923

Sari, R. T., Angreni, S., & Fortuna, R. A. (2019). Pengembangan Modul Pembelajaran IPA Berbasis Pendekatan Konstruktivisme untuk Kelas V SD. Bio-Pedagogi, 8(2), 89. https://doi.org/10.20961/bio-pedagogi.v8i2.34725

Schoenherr, D. T., Dereski, M. O., Bernacki, K. D., Khayyata, S., & Attardi, S. M. (2022). Development and Evaluation of an Online Integrative Histology Module: Simple Design, Low-Cost, and Improves Pathology Self-Efficacy. Medical Education Online, 27(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/10872981.2021.2011692

Setiawan, A., Yudiana, Y., Ugelta, S., Oktriani, S., Budi, D. R., & Listiandi, A. D. (2020). Hasil Belajar Pendidikan Jasmani dan Olahraga Siswa Sekolah Dasar: Pengaruh Keterampilan Motorik (Tinggi) dan Model Pembelajaran (Kooperatif). TEGAR: Journal of Teaching Physical Education in Elementary School. https://doi.org/10.17509/tegar.v3i2.24513

Setiawan, A., & Ahla, S. S. F. (2023). Innovating For The Future: A Critical Analysis of Curriculum Development Models KBK, KBM, KTSP, K13, and Merdeka Curriculum. Al Qalam: Jurnal Ilmiah Keagamaan dan Kemasyarakatan, 17(3), 2188. https://doi.org/10.35931/aq.v17i3.2191

Silva, M. S., Oliveira, A. de L., Silva, I. M. da, & Oliveira, E. N. de. (2021). O livro didático de Educação Física: Reflexões à luz da Base Nacional Comum Curricular. Research, Society and Development, 10(4), e14610413966. https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i4.13966

Sobarna, A., Hambali, S., Sutiswo, S., & Sunarsi, D. (2020). The Influence Learning Used ABC Run Exercise on the Sprint Capabilities. Jurnal Konseling dan Pendidikan. 8. 67-71. https://doi.org/10.29210/142100

Sugiyono. (2016). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif dan R&D. Bandung: Afabeta.

Suherman, A., Supriyadi, T., & Cukarso, S. H. I. (2019). Strengthening National Character Education Through Physical Education: An Action Research in Indonesia. International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research, 18(11), 125–153. https://doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.18.11.8

Sulistiyono, S. (2022). Pengembangan Modul Pembelajaran Fisika Berbasis Scientific Investigation untuk Meningkatkan Kemandirian Belajar dan Penguasaan Materi Siswa SMA. JagoMIPA: Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika dan IPA, 2(1), 33–41. https://doi.org/10.53299/jagomipa.v2i1.157

Supriyanto, A., Wiyono, B. B., & Burhanuddin, B. (2021). Effects Of Service Quality and Customer Satisfaction on Loyalty of Bank Customers. Cogent Business & Management, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2021.1937847

Suryadi, D., Nasrulloh, A., Yanti, N., Ramli, R., Fauzan, L. A., Kushartanti, B. W., … Fauziah, E. (2024). Stimulation of Motor Skills Through Game Models in Early Childhood and Elementary School Students: Systematic Review in Indonesia. Retos, 51, 1255–1261. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v51.101743

Suryadi, D., Ivanov, D., & Zulnadila, Z. (2025). Stimulation of Physical Fitness Through Traditional Games in Elementary School Students: A Systematic Review in Indonesia. Journal of Applied Movement and Sport Science, 1(3 SE-Research Articles), 12–19. https://doi.org/10.65575/jamss.v1i3.92

Tanır, A., & Erkut, O. (2018). Effect of Rhythmic Basketball Lessons on Visual Attention Ability and Lay-Up Skill in School Children Aged 9-10. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 6(9), 1857-1862. https://doi.org/10.13189/ujer.2018.060901

Umar, U., Okilanda, A., Suganda, M. A., Mardesia, P., Suryadi, D., Wahyuni, D., … Kurniawan, F. (2023). Blended Learning and Online Learning with Project-Based Learning: Do They Affect Cognition and Psycho-Motor Learning Achievement in Physical Conditions? Retos, 50(556–565). https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v50.99965

Waruwu, M. (2024). Metode Penelitian dan Pengembangan (R&D): Konsep, Jenis, Tahapan dan Kelebihan. Jurnal Ilmiah Profesi Pendidikan, 9(2), 1220–1230. https://doi.org/10.29303/jipp.v9i2.2141

Winarno, M. E. (2008). Belajar Motorik. Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Institut Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan Malang.

Yusroni, M. (2024). Game Model to Improve Motor Skills Through Traditional Sports: Development Study on Elementary School Students. Tanjungpura Journal of Coaching Research, 2(2), 71–79. https://doi.org/10.26418/tajor.v2i2.79872

Zebua, F. R. S. (2023). Analisis Tantangan dan Peluang Guru di Era Digital. Jurnal Informatika dan Teknologi Pendidikan, 3(1), 21-28. https://doi.org/10.25008/jitp.v3i1.55

Zhang, Y., Pi, Y., Wang, Q., Long, X., Wan, S., Liu, P., & Liu, Y. (2024). Application of Video Behavior Fast Detection Based on Wearable Motion Sensor Devices in Sports Training. Measurement: Sensors, 33, 101096. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measen.2024.101096

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/multilateral.v25i2.23942