Sitotoksisitas dan Selektivitas In Vitro Daun Benalu Cengkeh (Dendrophthoe pentandra L. Miq) terhadap Sel Kanker Serviks HeLa

Susilowati Susilowati; Truly Dian Anggraini; Nurul Kotimah

doi:10.20527/jps.v9i2.13514

Sitotoksisitas dan Selektivitas In Vitro Daun Benalu Cengkeh (Dendrophthoe pentandra L. Miq) terhadap Sel Kanker Serviks HeLa

Susilowati Susilowati, Truly Dian Anggraini, Nurul Kotimah

Abstract

Kanker serviks merupakan salah satu jenis kanker dengan tingkat kejadian dan kematian yang tinggi. Bahan alam dapat dianggap sebagai pendekatan yang menjanjikan untuk pengendalian dan manajemen kanker. Benalu cengkeh adalah salah satu tanaman parasit yang telah diketahui mengandung komponen anti kanker. Kuersetin dalam benalu cengkeh diyakini sebagai senyawa yang bertanggung jawab sebagai agen antikanker. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji sitotoksisitas dan selektivitas daun benalu cengkeh terhadap sel HeLa. Ekstraksi menggunakan metode maserasi dengan etanol 70% dan uji sitotoksik dievaluasi dengan metode MTT (3 (4,5-Dimethillitiazol-2-il) -2,5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide) pada model sel kanker Serviks HeLa dan model sel normal sel Vero. Efek sitotoksisitas diperoleh dari nilai IC50 dan selektivitas dinilai dari indeks selektivitas. Ekstrak etanol daun benalu cengkeh menurunkan viabilitas sel HeLa dengan potensi sitotoksik moderat (IC₅₀ sebesar 43,90 μg / mL) dan selektivitas yang tinggi (SI sebesar 13,34), menunjukkan ekstrak tersebut berpotensi untuk dikembangkan sebagai produk biofarmasi. Penelitian lebih lanjut diperlukan untuk memastikan potensi antikankernya secara in vivo dan untuk menjelaskan mekanisme kerjanya pada tingkat molekuler dan biokimiawi.

Kata Kunci: Sitotoksik, Selektivitas, Dendrophthoe pentandra, Sel HeLa, Sel Vero, MTT

Cervical cancer is one of cancer type with a high incidence and mortality rate. Natural ingredients can be considered a promising approach to cancer control and management. Dendrophthoe pentandra is one of the parasite plants that has been known to contain anticancer component. Quercetin in Dendrophthoe pentandra is believed to be marker compound as an anticancer agent. The current study aims to detect cytotoxicity and selectivity of Dendrophthoe pentandra leaves against HeLa cell. The extraction using maceration method with 70% ethanol and cytotoxic test was evaluated by MTT (3 (4,5-Dimethillitiazol-2-il) -2,5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide). The cytotoxicity effect was obtained from IC₅₀ values and selectivity was assessed from selectivity index (SI). The ethanol extract of Dendrophthoe pentandra leaves reduces the viability of HeLa cells with moderate cytotoxic (IC₅₀ of 43,90 µg / mL) and high selectivity (SI by 13,34) compared to normal vero cells, indicating its potential for biopharmaceutical use. Further studies are needed to ascertain its efficacy in vivo and to elucidate its mechanism of action at molecular and biochemical levels.

Keywords

Cytotoxicity, Selectivity, Dendrophthoe pentandra, HeLa Cells, Vero Cells, MTT

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/jps.v9i2.13514