Gambaran Penyakit Komorbid dan Pola Terapi pada Pasien Skizofrenia

Nurma Suri; Lyansaputri Salsabila

doi:10.20527/jps.v11i2.19835

Gambaran Penyakit Komorbid dan Pola Terapi pada Pasien Skizofrenia

Nurma Suri, Lyansaputri Salsabila

Abstract

Di Indonesia, skizofrenia merupakan penyakit gangguan mental ketiga terbanyak setelah depresi dan gangguan cemas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh gambaran penyakit komorbid dan pola terapi pada pasien skizofrenia yang dirawat inap di RSJ Daerah Provinsi Lampung. Metode penelitian dilakukan secara crosssectional. Pengambilan data dilakukan secara retrospective dengan menggunakan data rekam medis pasien yang memperoleh rawat inap selama tahun 2022. Sampel penelitian dipilih dengan metode total sampling. Data yang diperoleh dianalisa secara deskriptif, ditampilkan dalam bentuk tabel dan diagram. Hasil yang diperoleh ada 281 sampel dengan karakteritik 77,9% laki-laki, 77,6% berada pada rentang usia produktif (18-45 tahun), 94,66% didiagnosa skizofrenia paranoid, rerata obat yang diperoleh pasien selama rawat inap 4-5 jenis obat dan 61,6% pasien didiagnosa penyakit komorbid. Risperidone adalah jenis antipiskotik tipikal terbanyak yang digunakan secara tunggal (5,69%) dan penggunaan 2 kombinasi terbanyak yaitu risperidone-chlorpromazine (62,63%) dan risperidone-haloperidol (8,19%). Tifoid (44,07%), leukositosis (16,95%) serta penggunaan zat psikoaktif/alkohol (6,78%) menjadi tiga penyakit komorbid yang paling banyak diderita pasien skizofrenia. Kesimpulan yang diperoleh dari penelitian adalah 66% pasien memiliki diagnosa komorbid dengan infeksi dan penggunaan zat psikoaktif sebagai komorbid utama dan memperoleh terapi polifarmasi (penggunaan 4-5 jenis obat) yaitu kombinasi 2 antipsikotik dan terapi adjuvant.

Kata Kunci: Infeksi, Skizofrenia, Penyakit Komorbid, Polifarmasi, Rawat Inap

In Indonesia, schizophrenia represents the third most prevalent mental health condition, following depression and anxiety disorders. The objective of this study is to identify the prevalence of comorbid diseases and the patterns of therapeutic intervention among inpatients with schizophrenia at the Mental Health Hospital of Lampung Province. The research method employed a cross-sectional study utilising medical record data from patients who were hospitalised during 2022. The sample was selected using total sampling. The data were subjected to descriptive analysis. The study yielded a total of 281 samples, with the majority (77.9%) comprising male and belonging to the productive age range (18-45 years), 77.6%. The majority (94.66%) of the subjects were diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia. The average number of drugs received by patients was 4-5 types of drugs. Additionally, 61.6% of patients were diagnosed with comorbid. The most commonly prescribed typical antipsychotic was risperidone, which was used in monotherapy (5.69%) and in two combinations: risperidone-chlorpromazine (62.63%) and risperidone-haloperidol (8.19%). The comorbid diseases most commonly suffered are typhoid (44.07%), leukocytosis (16.95%), and the use of psychoactive substances (6.78%). The findings of the study indicated that patients with schizophrenia 66% patient had comorbidity, with the primary comorbidity an infection and received polypharmacy therapy.

Keywords

Comorbid Diseases, Inpatients, Infection, Polypharmacy, Schizophrenia

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/jps.v11i2.19835