Isolasi Bakteri Dari Tanah Gambut Penghasil Enzim Protease
Abstract
ABSTRAK
Tanah gambut terbentuk dari hasil dekomposisi bahan-bahan organik dalam keadaan anaerob. Tanah gambut memiliki karakteristik fisika dan kimia yang dapat mempengaruhi tingkat kesuburan gambut. Mikroorganisme pada tanah gambut beranekaragam dan memiliki peranan penting sebagai dekomposer, penyedia unsur hara bagi tanaman, penghasil enzim. Peranan enzim sangat penting bagi industri makanan, obat, pertanian, dan peternakan. Salah satu enzim yang tersebar luas dan peranananya cukup baik dalam industri adalah protease. Protease merupakan biokatalisator untuk reaksi pemecahan protein. Enzim ini akan mengkatalisis reaksi hidrolisis, yaitu reaksi yang melibatkan unsur air pada ikatan spesifik substrat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengisolasi bakteri dari tanah gambut penghasil protease. Metode penelitian yang dilakukan adalah pengambilan sampel tanah gambut, isolasi bakteri dari tanah gambut menggunakan media Nutrient Agar (NA) dengan melalui teknik pengenceran dari 10-1 sampai 10-7 pada media NaCl 0,9%, setelah itu uji protease menggunakan media NA dan susu skim 1%, untuk identifikasi bakteri menggunakan teknik pewarnaan Gram. Diperoleh hasil dari teknik isolasi bakteri dari tanah gambut sebanyak 180 isolat yang tumbuh baik dengan suhu inkubasi 37oC selama 24 jam. Isolat yang potensial sebagai penghasil protease sebanyak lima isolat yaitu isolat 3TG, 4TG, 5TG, 6TG, dan 7TG yang ditunjukkan dengan adanya zona bening disekitar koloni selama 48 jam. Kelima isolat tersebut berdasarkan morfologi koloni yaitu memiliki bentuk bulat, bulat tidak beraturan, elevasi cembung, cekung dan datar, warna koloni putih, krem, kuning, kuning transparan dan orange. Berdasarkan uji pewarnaan Gram kelima isolat tersebut empat isolat merupakan bakteri Gram positif dan satu isolat yaitu 7TG termasuk Gram negatif.
Kata Kunci: Isolasi, Bakteri, Tanah Gambut.
ABSTRACT
Peat soil is formed from the decomposition of organic materials in anaerobic state. Peat soil has physical and chemical characteristics that can affect the level of fertility of peat. Microorganisms in diverse peat soil and has an important role as decomposers, provider of nutrients for plants, producing enzymes. The role of the enzyme is very important for the food industry, medicine, agriculture, and livestock. One enzyme is widespread and the have role quite well in the industry is a protease. Protease is catalisator biologyst to the reaction of protein breakdown. This enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis reaction, the reaction involving water element on a substrate specific binding. This study aimed to isolated the bacteria from producing peat soil protease. Research methodology were peat soil sampling, isolation of bacteria from peat using media Nutrient Agar (NA) by the technique of dilution from 10-1 to 10-7 in 0.9% NaCl media, after the test protease using NA and media skim milk 1%, for the identification of bacteria using Gram staining technique. The results obtained from the isolation of bacteria from the peat soil of 180 isolates that grow well with incubation temperature of 37oC for 24 hours. Isolates potential as a producer of protease five isolates that isolates 3TG, 4TG, 5TG, 6TG, and 7TG indicated by a clear zone around the colony for 48 hours. Fifth isolates were based on morphology of the colonies which have a spherical shape, irregular round, elevation convex, concave and flat, colony color white, beige, yellow, transparent yellow and orange. Gram staining test is based on the five isolates, four isolates are Gram-positive bacteria and one isolate that 7TG including Gram negative.
Keywords: bacteria, isolate, peat soil.
Keywords
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/jps.v2i2.5825
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