Skrining Fitokimia dan Uji Kualitatif Aktivitas Antioksidan Tumbuhan Asal Daerah Rantau Kabupaten Tapin Kalimantan Selatan
Abstract
ABSTRAK
Kalimantan selatan merupakan salah satu kawasan tropis dengan sumber keanekaragaman hayati yang melimpah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan ekstraksi dan skrining fitokimia terhadap beberapa tumbuhan yang secara etnis digunakan sebagai pengobatan. Metode ini sangat penting untuk mendapatkan gambaran terhadap golongan senyawa yang terkandung dalam tumbuhan obat. Tumbuhan yang diteliti adalah rimpang patiti, kulit batang ambaratan, batang carikang habang, daun puspa, kulit batang balik anngin, daun bilaran tapah, dan daun karamunting. Hasil ekstraksi menggunakan etanol 70% rendemen terbanyak adalah daun puspa (30,76%) diikuti secara berturut-turut kulit batang balik angin (27,05%), daun bilaran tapah (23,53%), daun karamunting (10,88%), rimpang patiti (8,48%), batang carikang habang (3,56%), dan kulit batang ambaratan (2,04%). Skrining fitokimia menunjukkan bahwa rimpang patiti mengandung senyawa golongan flavonoid, fenol, tanin, saponin, dan terpenoid. Kulit batang ambaratan mengandung senyawa golongan alkaloid, flavonoid, fenol, tanin dan antrakinon. Batang carikang habang mengandung senyawa golongan alkaloid, flavonoid, fenol, tanin, saponin, steroid, dan antrakuion. Daun puspa mengandung senyawa golongan alkaloid, flavonoid, fenol, saponin, dan terpenoid. Kulit batang balik anngin mengandung senyawa golongan alkaloid, flavonoid, fenol, tanin, terpenoid, dan antrakuinon. Daun bilaran tapah mengandung senyawa golongan alkaloid, flavonois, fenol, tanin, saponin, terpenoid, dan antrakuinon. Daun karamunting mengandung senyawa golongan alkaloid, flavonois, fenol, tanin, saponin, dan terpenoid. Hasil uji aktivitas antioksidan dengan menggunakan metode DPPH melalui kromatpgrafi lapis tipis menunjukkan bahwa ketujuh tumbuhan yang diuji mengandung senyawa yang bersifat antioksidan.
Kata kunci : eksplorasi, ekstraksi, skrining fitokimia, antioksidan.
ABSTRACT
Kalimantan Selatan is a province in the southern of Borneo island. As one of the tropical areas, this province has a high biological diversity. The recent study aims to identify the secondary metabollites through screening test and evaluate the antioxidative capacities of several medicinal plants growing in Tapin regency. Seven plants used in this study were: the rhizome of Patiti (RP), the bark of Ambaratan (BA), the stem of Carikang Habang (SC), leaves of Puspa (LP), the bark of Balik Angin (BB), leaves of Bilaran Tapah (LB), and leaves of Karamunting (LK). Arranged from the highest to the lowest, the yield of 70% ethanol extracts were 30.76% (LP), 27.05% (BB), 23.53% (LB), 10.88% (LK), 8.48% (RP), 3.56% (BC), and 2.04% (BA). The phytochemical screening test shown that flavonoid, phenolic, tanin, saponin, and terpenoid were detected in RP. In BA, alkaloid, flavonoid, phenolic, tanin, and antraquinon were identified. SC possessed alkaloid, flavonoid, phenolic, tanin, saponin, steroid, and antraquinon. LP had alkaloid, flavonoid, phenolic, saponin, and terpenoid. BB contained alkaloid, flavonoid, phenolic, tanin, terpenoid, and antraquinon. LB shown the presence of alkaloid, flavonoid, phenolic, tanin, saponin, terpenoid, and antraquinon. Meanwhile, LK indicated the presence of alkaloid, flavonoid, phenolic, tanin, saponin, and terpenoid. Antioxidant analyis of the seven extracts using DPPH showed that all the tested plants possessed the active compounds with antioxidative effects.
Keywords: exploration, extraction, phytochemical screening, antioxidant.
Keywords
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/jps.v3i1.5836
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