Potensi Masuknya Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus (BYDV) ke Indonesia

Faridawati Junjung Nindhiani, Yulia Padma Sari, Nurin Nisa Farah Diena, Antar Sofyan

Abstract


Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) merupakan salah satu virus paling merusak pada tanaman serealia, dengan potensi kehilangan hasil mencapai 86% pada komoditas penting seperti gandum, barli, oat, jagung, dan padi. Di berbagai negara beriklim sedang, termasuk Amerika Serikat, Cina, dan wilayah Eropa, BYDV telah menyebabkan epidemi dengan tingkat kerugian tinggi. Virus ini masih dikategorikan sebagai Organisme Pengganggu Tumbuhan Karantina (OPTK) A1 di Indonesia, namun potensi masuk dan kemunculannya tetap perlu diwaspadai mengingat tingginya keragaman genetika BYDV, mobilitas vektor, dan kondisi agroekologi tropis yang mendukung populasi aphid sepanjang tahun. BYDV ditularkan oleh vektor aphids seperti Rhopalosiphum padi, Sitobion avenae, dan R. maidis. Laporan infeksi BYDV di Pakistan, Taiwan, dan Cina mengonfirmasi tingginya insidensi dan tingkat keparahan gejala seperti klorosis, pengerdilan, serta perubahan warna daun. Kemiripan sekuens isolat antarnegara turut mengindikasikan peran migrasi jarak jauh aphid dalam penyebaran BYDV lintas wilayah geografis. Kombinasi faktor-faktor tersebut memperlihatkan bahwa kemungkinan keberadaan BYDV di Indonesia tidak dapat diabaikan, terlebih gejala yang mirip dengan defisiensi nutrisi sering menghambat deteksi dini di lapangan. Kajian mengenai potensi masuknya BYDV menjadi penting untuk mendeteksi dini dan meminimalkan risiko masuk dan menyebar di Indonesia.


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.20527/agtview.v8i3.17496

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