HUBUNGAN TINGKAT KEPARAHAN MALOKLUSI DENGAN KUALITAS HIDUP TERKAIT KESEHATAN GIGI DAN MULUT REMAJA SMA DI BANJARMASIN

Della Alya Aaliyah, Isnur Hatta, Galuh Dwinta Sari, Aulia Azizah, Diana Wibowo

Abstract


ABSTRACT

Background: Malocclusion is a form of deviation from normal occlusion and varies from mild to severe. Malocclusion is not a disease, but it can impact a person's quality of life, especially adolescents. Oral health-related quality of life is an individual's response in daily life to physical, psychological, and social functioning due to diseases and disorders, one example of which is malocclusion. Impacts of malocclusion are impaired speech, mastication, swallowing, aesthetic satisfaction, as well as impacting on psychological aspects and social relationships. Purpose: This study aimed to determine the relationship between the severity of malocclusion and oral health related quality of life of High School Students in Banjarmasin. Methods: The research method was analytical observational with cross-sectional study have been held to High Schools and Vocational High Schools students in Central and North Banjarmasin Subdistrict. The total sample was 356 students aged 15-18 years. The Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) questionnaire was used to measure oral health-related quality of life. Index of Complexity, Outcome, and Need (ICON) was used to assess the severity of malocclusion. The statistical hypothesis in this study was tested using a non-parametric test in the form of a spearman rank correlation. Results: Statistical analysis showed that malocclusion impacted all subdomain scores. Malocclusion indicated higher OHIP-14 scores on the psychic discomfort and psychic disability subdomain. Conclusion: The severity of malocclusion is associated with oral health-related quality of life. The more severe the malocclusion, the worse the impact on adolescents' oral health-related quality of life.

Keywords : Malocclusion, High School Adolescents, OHIP-14, ICON.

 

ABSTRAK

Latar Belakang: Maloklusi adalah bentuk penyimpangan dari oklusi normal dan bervariasi dari kategori ringan hingga kategori berat. Maloklusi bukanlah sebuah penyakit, namun maloklusi dapat memberikan dampak terhadap kualitas hidup seseorang, terutama remaja. Kualitas hidup adalah respon individu dalam kehidupan sehari-hari terhadap fungsi fisik, psikologis, dan sosial akibat penyakit dan kelainan, salah satu contohnya adalah maloklusi. Dampak dari maloklusi adalah gangguan bicara, pengunyahan, menelan, kepuasan estetika, serta berdampak pada aspek psikologis dan hubungan sosial. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara tingkat keparahan maloklusi dengan kualitas hidup terkait kesehatan gigi dan mulut pada remaja Sekolah Menengah Atas di Banjarmasin. Metode: Metode penelitian ini adalah observasional analitik dengan studi cross-sectional yang dilakukan pada siswa Sekolah Menengah Atas dan Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan di Kecamatan Banjarmasin Tengah dan Banjarmasin Utara. Total sampel pada penelitian ini sebesar 356 siswa berusia 15-18 tahun. Kuesioner Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) digunakan untuk mengukur kualitas hidup terkait kesehatan gigi dan mulut. Index of Complexity, Outcome, and Need (ICON) digunakan untuk menilai tingkat keparahan maloklusi. Hipotesis statistik dalam penelitian ini diuji dengan menggunakan uji non parametrik berupa korelasi spearman rank. Hasil: Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa maloklusi berdampak pada semua skor subdomain. Maloklusi mengindikasikan skor OHIP-14 yang lebih tinggi pada subdomain ketidaknyamanan psikis dan ketidakmampuan psikis. Kesimpulan: Tingkat keparahan maloklusi berhubungan dengan kualitas hidup terkait kesehatan gigi dan mulut remaja. Semakin parah maloklusi, maka semakin buruk dampaknya pada kualitas hidup terkait kesehatan gigi dan mulut remaja.

 

Kata kunci :        ICON, Maloklusi, OHIP-14, Remaja SMA,

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.20527/dentin.v8i2.13114

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