Variations in Public Perceptions of the Free Nutritious Meal Program (PMBG) Based on Income Level

Eka Fatmawati, Rizal Iskandar, Ahmad Rifki

Abstract


This study aims to analyze differences in public perceptions of the Free Nutritious Meal Program (PMBG) based on income level in Karang Indah Village, Mandastana Subdistrict, Barito Kuala Regency. The study employed a quantitative approach using a comparative method. Data were collected through a questionnaire distributed to 122 respondents selected using purposive sampling. Respondents’ income levels were classified into four groups based on the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) categories: low, medium, high, and very high. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics and a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test. The results of the study indicate that the majority of the public holds a positive perception of the Free Nutritious Meal Program. Although there were variations in the average perceptions across each income group, these differences were not statistically significant. These findings indicate that income level is not a factor that differentiates the public’s perceptions of the PMBG. Therefore, the government needs to maintain the quality of the program’s implementation by strengthening public outreach, increasing transparency, and ensuring equitable distribution of benefits so that the public’s positive perceptions can be sustained and support the continued implementation of the PMBG.

Keywords


Free Nutritious Meals Program; Public Perception; Income Level

Full Text:

PDF

References


Alderman, H., Gentilini, U., & Yemtsov, R. (2021). The 1.5 Billion People Question: Food, Vouchers, or Cash Transfers? Washington, DC: World Bank. https://doi.org/10.1596/978-1-4648-1087-9

Badan Gizi Nasional. (2026). MBG Jadi Investasi Terbesar Menuju Indonesia Emas 2045. Badan Gizi Nasional. https://www.bgn.go.id/news/siaran-pers/mbg-jadi-investasi-terbesar-menuju-indonesia-emas-2045

Bundy, D., & Alderman, H. (2011). School feeding programs and development. The World Bank Research Observer, 26(2), NP-NP. https://doi.org/10.1093/wbro/lkr015

Busemeyer, M. R., & Garritzmann, J. L. (2017). Public opinion on policy and budgetary trade-offs in European welfare states: Evidence from a new comparative survey. Journal of European Public Policy, 24(6), 871–889. https://doi.org/10.1080/13501763.2017.1298658

Dolnicar, S., Grün, B., & Leisch, F. (2016). Increasing sample size compensates for data problems in segmentation studies. Journal of Business Research, 69(2), 992–999. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2015.09.004

Field, A. (2024). Discovering Statistics Using IBM SPSS Statistics. Sage Publications Limited.

Gelli, A., Aurino, E., Folson, G., Arhinful, D., Adamba, C., Osei-Akoto, I., Masset, E., Watkins, K., Fernandes, M., Drake, L., & Alderman, H. (2019). A School Meals Program Implemented at Scale in Ghana Increases Height-for-Age during Midchildhood in Girls and in Children from Poor Households: A Cluster Randomized Trial. The Journal of Nutrition, 149(8), 1434–1442. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/nxz079

Grimmelikhuijsen, S. (2017). Symposium: Does a New Public Governance Demand New Public Ethics? Public Administration Review, 76(6), 986–986. https://doi.org/10.1111/puar.12681

Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2019). Multivariate data analysis (Eighth edition). Cengage.

Hastuti, R., Hariyadi, A. M., & Hariyadi. (2026). Implementasi Program Makan Bergizi Gratis di Sekolah: Tinjauan Literature terhadap Tantangan Tata Kelola dan Implikasi Kebijakan.

Hawkins, A., & Rundle, R. (2024). School food hero and the battle of the food foes: A story of public health policy, power imbalance and potential. Social Science & Medicine, 342, 116520. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.116520

Kementerian Kesehatan RI. (2023). Survei Status Gizi Indonesia (SSGI) 2023. https://www.kemkes.go.id/

Leobisa, G. M. L., Manu, T. S., Makin, K. O., Saya, M. F. K., & Benu, A. B. N. (2026). Persepsi Guru Terhadap Pelaksanaan Program Makan Bergizi Gratis (MBG) di Sekolah Dasar. 11.

Rahman, A., Fikri, M., & Maysha, H. M. (2026). Reformasi Program Makan Bergizi Gratis untuk Pemenuhan Hak Sosial Ekonomi. Indonesian Journal of Intellectual Publication, 5(2), 130–137. https://doi.org/10.51577/ijipublication.v5i2.660

Rehm, P., Hacker, J. S., & Schlesinger, M. (2012). Insecure Alliances: Risk, Inequality, and Support for the Welfare State. American Political Science Review, 106(2), 386–406. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055412000147

Robbins, S. P., & Judge, T. A. (2019). Organizational behavior (18th edition, global edition). Pearson.

Rogers, E. M. (2003). Diffusion of innovations (5. ed). Free Press.

Santana, S. A., Batista, S. A., Da Costa Maynard, D., Ginani, V. C., Zandonadi, R. P., & Botelho, R. B. A. (2023). Acceptability of School Menus: A Systematic Review of Assessment Methods. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(3), 2242. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20032242

Silaban, S. L., Elsi, S. D., & Rizal, D. (2026). Analisis Implementasi Kebijakan Program Makan Bergizi Gratis di Kota Jambi Menurut Teori Implementasi Kebijakan Merilee S. Grindle. Demokrasi: Jurnal Riset Ilmu Hukum, Sosial Dan Politik, 3(1), 137–149. https://doi.org/10.62383/demokrasi.v3i1.1547

Suchman, M. C. (1995). Managing Legitimacy: Strategic and Institutional Approaches. The Academy of Management Review, 20(3), 571. https://doi.org/10.2307/258788

Sugiharto, M., Rana Ardila Rahma, & Riyan Hadithya. (2025). Model Konseptual Penguatan Program Makan Bergizi Gratis melalui Kualitas Pelayanan, Informasi, dan Kepercayaan Publik. Jurnal Sosial Terapan, 3(2), 32–39. https://doi.org/10.29244/v4gxtg18

Tyler, T. R. (2021). Psychological Perspectives on Legitimacy and Legitimation. Annual Review of Psychology, 57(1), 375–400. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.57.102904.190038

Van De Walle, S., & Migchelbrink, K. (2022). Institutional quality, corruption, and impartiality: The role of process and outcome for citizen trust in public administration in 173 European regions. Journal of Economic Policy Reform, 25(1), 9–27. https://doi.org/10.1080/17487870.2020.1719103

Van Ryzin, G. G. (2013). Outcomes, Process, and Trust of Civil Servants. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 21(4), 745–760. https://doi.org/10.1093/jopart/muq092




DOI: https://doi.org/10.20527/ijeln.v1i2.21007

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.



Indonesian Journal of Entrepreneurship Learning and Innovation (IJELN)

e.ISSN:XXXX-XXXX; p.ISSN: XXXX-XXXX

The journal is published by Program Studi Pendidikan Ekonomi FKIP Universitas Lambung Mangkurat