EKSTRAKSI DAN KARAKTERISASI MINYAK ATSIRI DARI DAUN LIMAU KUIT DENGAN METODE DISTILASI UAP–AIR DAN KONDENSOR BOLA TERMODIFIKASI SERTA ANALISIS KOMPOSISINYA MENGGUNAKAN GC-MS

Veronika Lasmaida Panjaitan, Azidi Irwan

Abstract


Limau kuit is a typical orange from South Kalimantan which is used by the Banjar people in some certain local culinary. This experiment is explorative research that aims to determine the yield of essential oils obtained by hydrosteam distillation method with ball condenser (type of Allihn) cooling, to determine the characterization of the oil comprising specific gravity, refractive index, optical ratation, solubility in alcohol, the composition of using GC-MS. The leaves of limau kuit were air-dried for one week to decrease the water content and then were cut into smaller pieces about 5 mm in size. A 2.050 grams of the sample lay into the tray of the distillation kettle which was filled with adequate water. The distillation was carried out for about 6 hours and 50-60oC in temperature. The results showed that the performed extraction yielded 0.59%-(v/w) or 0.52%-(w/w) of oils. The oil values of specifie graviry, refractive index, optical ratation, and solubility in alcohol 90% were 0.8285, 1.472, (-)1.90, and 1:4 respectively. The CG-MS analysis showed 31 chemical compounds of the oils and these were five the dominants: γ-terpinene (24,19%), followed by prehnitene (18,26%), (+)-4-carene (8,53%), β-cis-ocymene (7,20%), and β-pinene (5,46%) respectively.


Full Text:

PDF

References


Ansel, H. C. 2004. Kalkulasi Farmasetik. EGC, Jakarta.

Anto. 2020. Rempah-Rempah dan Minyak Atsiri. Penerbit Lakeisha, Klaten.

Ariyani, H., M. Nazemi., Hamidah., & M. Kurniati. 2018. Uji Efektivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Kulit Limau Kuit (Citrus hystrix C) Terhadap Beberapa Bakteri. Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2(10): 136-141.

Chemat, F. 2010. Citrus Essential Oils. Citrus Essential Oils, M. Sawamura (editor). Citrus Essential Ois: Flavor and Fragrance. John Wiley & Sons Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey.

Chaudhari, S.Y., C. R. Harisha, R. Galib & P.K. Prajapati. 2014. Pharmacognostical Evaluation of Citrus Jambhiri Lush Fruit. Jurnal Ancient Science of Life. 34(2): 96-99. DOI: 10.4103/0257-7941.153469.

Gonzalez-Mas, M.C., J.L. Rambla, M.P. Lopez-Greza, M.A. Blazquez & A. Granell. 2019. Volatile Compounds in Citrus Essential Oils (A Comprehensive Riview). Front plant sci. p: 1-18. DOI:10.3389/fpls.2019.00012.

Guenther E. 2006. Minyak Atsiri Jilid 1. Terjemahan: Ketaren S. UI Press, Jakarta.

Hamdan, D., M.Z. El-Readi, A. Tahrani, F. Herrmann, D. Kaufmann, N. Farrag, A. El-Shazly & M. Wink. 2011. Chemical Composition and Biological Activity of Citrus jambhiri Lush. Food Chemistry. 127(2): 394403. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.12.129.

Hapip, A.D. 1977. Kamus Banjar-Indonesia. Pusat Pembinaan dan Pengembangan Bahasa-Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan, Jakarta. Hal. 118-149.

Irwan, A., K. Mustikasari, & D. Ariyani. 2017. Pemeriksaan Pendahuluan Kimia Daun, Kulit dan Buah Limau Kuit : Jeruk Lokal Kalimantan Selatan. Sains Dan Terapan Kimia. 11(2): 71–79.

Ishak, N.I., Kasman, & Chandra. 2021. Efektifitas Perasan Buah Limau Kuit (Citrus amblycarpa) Sebagai Larvasida Alami Terhadap Kematian Larva Aedes aegypti. Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat. 10(1): 6–13.

Kemendag RI. 2020. Essential Oils HS 3301. Laporan Informasi Intelijen Bisnis-Brief Market ITPC Osaka 2020. Kementerian Perdagangan Republik Indonesia. Hal. 1-10.

Khasanah, L.U., U, Rohula, & Y.M. Aji. 2015. Pengaruh Perlakuan Pendahuluan Terhadap Karakterisasi Mutu Minyak Atsiri Daun Jeruk Purut (Citrus hystrix DC). Jurnal Aplikasi Teknologi Pangan. 4: 48-55.

Komariah, L.N., A.F. Ramdja, & N. Leonard. 2009. Tinjauan Teoritis Perancangan Kolom Distilasi untuk Pra-rencana Pabrik Skala Industri. Jurnal Teknik Kimia. 4(16): 9-27.

Kurniawati, Y. 2018. Pengaruh Perlakuan pada Daun Limau Kuit Terhadap Karakterisasi Minyak Atsiri dengan Metode Ekstraksi Soxhlet Menggunakan Pelarut n-Heksana. Skripsi Sarjana. Universitas Lambung Mangkurat.

Lawrence, B.M. 2003. Progress in Essential Oils. R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company. www.perfumerflavorist.com. Volume 28 May/June.

Lota, Marie-Laure, D. de Rocca Serra, F. Tomi, & J. Casanova. 2001. Chemical variability of peel and leaf essential oils of 15 species of mandarins Biochemical Systematic and Ecology. 29: 77-104.

Mahato, N., K. Sharmaa, R. Koteswararaob, M. Sinhab, E. Barala & H.C. Moo. 2017. Citrus essential oils: Extraction, Authentication and Application in Food Preservation (Review). Food Science and Nutrition. pp: 1-15. DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2017.1384716.

Mayasari, D., A. Jayuska, & M.A. Wibowo. 2015. Pengaruh Variasi Waktu dan Ukuran Sampel terhadap Senyawa Minyak Atsiri dari Daun Jeruk Purut (Citrus hystrix DC.). JKK. 2: 74-77.

Mulyani, S., Susilowati, & M.M. Hutabarat. 2009. Analisis GC-MS dan daya anti bakteri minyakatsiri Citrus amblycarpa (Hassk) Ochse. Majalah Farmasi Indonesia. 20(3): 127–132.

Rahayu, S. 2015. Penggunaan Tween 80 Sebagai Surfaktan dalam Formulasi Mikroemulsi Minyak Atsiri Daun Jeruk Sambal (Citrus microcarpa Bunge) dan Uji Aktivitas Terhadap Propionibacterium acnes. Jurnal Mahasiswa Farmasi Fakultas Kedokteran. 1-15.

Savita, P., K. Pati & A.K. Nagpal. 2018. Rough Lemon (Citrus jambhiri Lush), Chapter 17. Step Wise Protocols for Somatic Embryogenesis of Important Woody Plants, Volume II, 2 nd Edition. Springer, New York.

Schiller, C. & D. Schiller. 2008. The Aromatheraphy Encyclopedia: A Concise Guide to Over 385 Plant Oils. Basic Health Publications Inc., Laguna Beach, CA. Pp: 17-433

Sembiring, H.B., H. Sihotang & A.C. Tampubolon. 2019. Antibacterial Activities of Rough Lemon (Citrus jambhiri Lush) Rind Essential Oil. Journal of Chemical and Natural Resources. 1(1): 12-18.

Sukardi, A.R., M.H. Pelungan, & A.F. Mulyadi. 2014. Penerapan PEF (Pulshed Electric Field) pada Ekstraksi Minyak Atsiri Daun Jeruk Purut (Citrus hystrix D.C) dengan Metode Distilasi Air dan Uap (Kajian Jenis Perlakuan Pendahuluan Bahan dan Lama Waktu Pulshed Electric Field). Jurnal Teknologi Industri Pertanian- FTP – Universitas Brawijaya.

Sulaswatty, A. 2019. Penerapan Teknologi Nonkonvensional dalam Ekstraksi Komponen Utama Atsiri dan Produk Turunannya di Indonesia. Orasi Pengukuhan Profesor Riset Bidang Teknologi Kimia. Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia (LIPI), Jakarta. Pp: 1-37.

Weimer P., J.G.L. Moura, V. Mossmann, M.L. Immig, J. de Castilhos, & R.C. Rossi. 2021. Citrus aurantiifolia (Christm) Swingle: Biological potential and safety profile of essential oils from leaves and fruit peels. Food Bioscience, 40: 100905. DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2021.100905.

Wulandari, M.J., L. Riska, A.L. Prunama, M.A. Jamaludin, I. Fauzi, & M. Nurmilawati. 2015. Jenis-Jenis Senyawa Minyak Atsiri yang Diisolasi dari Daun Citrus aurantifolia dan Citrus nobilis. Seminar Nasional XII Pendidikan Biologi FKIP UNS 2015.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.20527/jns.v3i1.8289

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Lisensi Creative Commons

Ciptaan disebarluaskan di bawah Lisensi Creative Commons Atribusi 4.0 Internasional.

Diterbitkan oleh FMIPA Universitas Lambung Mangkurat