IDENTIFIKASI KERUSAKAN BIBIT MAHONI (Swietenia mahagoni (L.) Jacq) DI BALAI PERBENIHAN TANAMAN HUTAN (BPTH) DINAS KEHUTANAN PROVINSI KALIMANTAN SELATAN

Abstract

This study aims to determine the damage to mahogany (Swietenia mahagoni (L.) Jacq) seedlings through the causes of damage, location of damage, type of damage, and severity and to calculate the intensity of damage to mahogany (S. mahagoni (L.) Jacq) seedlings using the Environmental method. Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP). This study uses two types of data, namely primary data and secondary data. Primary data was obtained when conducting field observations by observing directly the physical condition of mahogany seedlings by analyzing according to the criteria and requirements of the EMAP guidelines, secondary data collection was carried out by collecting and measuring data from the agency responsible for the environmental conditions of the research location such as nursery locations, weather and rainfall. identification of damage to mahogany seedlings was most dominantly caused by two causes of attack at once, namely insects/pests and disease by 26.28%, with the dominant location being attacked, namely on the leaves by 70.42% and the type of damage that mostly consisted of damaged leaves and leaf discoloration. namely 367 types, while the most dominant severity level is 30%-39% at 30.42%, then the intensity of insect/pest and disease attacks is 69.85%, the intensity of insect/pest attack is 13.85%, the intensity of attack is disease by 19%, the percentage of healthy seedlings by 9.14% and the percentage of dead seedlings by 21%. Seedling damage due to insect/pest attack, disease, plant competition, and human activities is categorized as seriously damaged. Integrated insect or pest control (IPM) is needed by combining compatible control controls, namely plant quarantine, physical, mechanical, forestry, chemical and biological

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kerusakan bibit mahoni (Swietenia mahagoni (L.) Jacq) melalui penyebab kerusakan, lokasi kerusakan, tipe kerusakan, dan tingkat keparahan serta menghitung intensitas kerusakan pada bibit mahoni (S. mahagoni (L.) Jacq) melalui metode Enviromental Monitoring and Assesment Program (EMAP). Penelitian ini menggunakan dua jenis data yaitu data primer dan data sekunder. Data primer didapatkan saat melakukan observasi di lapangan dengan mengamati secara langsung kondisi fisik bibit mahoni dengan cara dianalisis sesuai dengan kriteria dan persyaratan panduan EMAP, pengumpulan data sekunder dilakukan dengan mengumpulkan dan mengukur data dari instansi yang bertanggung jawab atas kondisi lingkungan lokasi penelitian seperti lokasi pembibitan, cuaca dan curah hujan.  identifikasi kerusakan bibit mahoni paling dominan disebabkan oleh dua penyebab serangan sekaligus yaitu serangga/hama dan penyakit sebesar 26,28%, dengan lokasi yang dominan terserang yaitu pada daun sebesar 70,42% dan tipe kerusakan yang paling banyak berupa daun rusak dan perubahan warna daun yaitu sebesar 367 tipe, sedangkan tingkat keparahan paling dominan yaitu 30%-39% sebesar 30,42%, kemudian intensitas serangan serangga/hama dan penyakit keseluruhan sebesar 69,85%, intensitas serangan serangga/hama sebesar 13,85%, intensitas serangan penyakit sebesar 19%, persentase bibit sehat sebesar 9,14% dan persentase bibit mati sebesar 21%. Kerusakan bibit akibat serangan serangga/hama, penyakit, persaingan tumbuhan, dan kegiatan manusia masuk dalam kategori rusak parah. Diperlukan pengendalian serangga atau hama terpadu (PHT) dengan menggabungkan seputar kontrol pengendalian yang kompatibel yaitu karantina pada tanaman, fisik, mekanik, kehutanan, kimia dan biologi.