POLA JELAJAH DAN PERGERAKAN GAJAH SUMATERA (Elephas maximus sumatranus) DI LANSKAP TAMAN NASIONAL BUKIT BARISAN SELATAN
Abstract
ABSTRACT. The Sumatran elephant (Elephas maximus sumatranus) is the largest mammal on Sumatra Island, faces an escalating threat of extinction due to both ecological and anthropogenic factors. The survival of these elephants is intrinsically linked to supportive ecological conditions. This study aimed to analyze the home range size and movement patterns of Sumatran elephants based on ecological factors within the Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park (BBSNP) landscape. The research was conducted in February 2025 at BBSNP. Materials and tools utilized included a GPS Collar, a map of the BBSNP area, land cover data, Digital Elevation Model National (DEMNAS) data, and Indonesian Topographic Maps (Rupa Bumi Indonesia). Data processing employed both the Minimum Convex Polygon (MCP) and Kernel Density Estimation (KDE) methods. The results indicate that the home range size for the Bunga elephant group was 55,553.33 ha in 2020, 53,821.07 ha in 2021, and 21,226.23 ha in 2024. Elephant presence was predominantly observed in forest and mixed shrub-agriculture land cover types. Habitat use preference based on slope class showed a tendency towards moderately steep and steep slopes. Furthermore, elephant presence, based on distance from rivers, was concentrated within 0-400 meters (near rivers). Conversely, elephant locations based on distance from roads demonstrated a preference for areas both very close to and very far from roads.
Keywords: Sumatran Elephant, Roaming, Movement Patterns, GPS Collar
ABSTRAK. Gajah sumatera (Elephas maximus sumatranus) merupakan mamalia terbesar pulau Sumatera yang terancam punah disebabkan oleh faktor ekologis dan antropogenik. Gajah sumatera bergantung pada faktor ekologis yang menunjang kelangsungan hidupnya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis luas areal jelajah dan pola pergerakan gajah sumatera berdasarkan faktor ekologis di lanskap TNBBS. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Februari 2025 di TNBBS. Adapun alat dan bahan yang digunakan beruoa GPS Collar, peta wilayah TNBBS, tutupan lahan, Demnas, serta Rupa Bumi Indonesia. Pengolahan data menggunakan metode Minimum Convex Polygon (MCP) dan Kernel Density Estimation (KDE). Hasil menunjukkan luas wilayah jelajah gajah kelompok Bunga ialah 55.553,33 Ha (2020), 53.821,07 ha (2021), dan 21.226,23 ha (2024). Kecenderungan titik keberadaan gajah pada tutupan lahan berupa hutan dan Pertanian Campur Semak. Preferensi penggunaan habitat pada kelas kelerengan yaitu kelas agak curam dan curam. Preferensi keberadaan gajah berdasarkan jarak dari sungai terkonsentrasi pada jarak 0-400 meter dari sungai (dekat sungai). Sedangkan titik keberadaan berdasarkan jarak dari jalan menunjukkan gajah cenderung berada pada area yang sangat dekat dan sangat jauh dengan jalan.
Kata kunci: Gajah Sumatera, Areal Jelajah, Pola Pergerakan, GPS Collar
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