Pola Resistensi Bakteri Kontaminan Luka Pasien di Bangsal Bedah Ortopedi RSUD Ulin Banjarmasin Periode Juli-September 2013: Tinjauan In Vitro Pola Resistensi Isolat Bakteri Kontaminan Asal Swab Luka Pasien di Bangsal Bedah Ortopedi RSUD Ulin Banjarmasin Terhadap Gentamisin, Kloramfenikol, Sefotaksim dan Seftriakson

Akbar Rihansyah; Husna Dharma Putera; Lia Yulia Budiarti

doi:10.20527/jbk.v10i12.964

Pola Resistensi Bakteri Kontaminan Luka Pasien di Bangsal Bedah Ortopedi RSUD Ulin Banjarmasin Periode Juli-September 2013: Tinjauan In Vitro Pola Resistensi Isolat Bakteri Kontaminan Asal Swab Luka Pasien di Bangsal Bedah Ortopedi RSUD Ulin Banjarmasin Terhadap Gentamisin, Kloramfenikol, Sefotaksim dan Seftriakson

Akbar Rihansyah, Husna Dharma Putera, Lia Yulia Budiarti

Abstract

ABSTRACT: Surgery, trauma, burns, and other factors can affect the defense/skin barrier against bacterial contamination that can cause infection. The risk of infection must be remained of the rational use of prophylactic antibiotics. Rational use of antibiotic susceptibility test results obtained by antibotic against bacteria. The aim of this research was to figure out the resistance pattern of bacteria contaminant in patient’s wound at Orthopaedic Ward of RSUD Ulin Banjarmasin to selected antibiotics i.e. gentamicin, chloramphenicol, cefotaxime and ceftriaxone from July-September 2013. This was descriptive research. The samples were taken with consecutive sampling technique according to inclusion criteria. This research used wound swab bacteria contaminant isolates i.e. Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Streptococcus sp. Antibiotic susceptibility test was done in vitro with Kirby-Bauer diffusion method. The radical zones were measured and compared to CLSI 2011 standard. The antibiotic susceptibility test result showed that Staphylococcus aureus was sensitive to gentamicin (100%) and cefotaxime (66,67%), resistant to chloramphenicol (44,44%); Staphylococcus epidermidis was sensitive to cefotaxime (28,75%), resistant to gentamicin (85,71%) and chloramphenicol (57,14%); Pseudomonas aeruginosa was sensitive to cefotaxime (33,33%), resistant to ceftriaxone (66,67%); Streptococcus sp. was sensitive to cefotaxime (50%), resistant to gentamicin (50%), chloramphenicol (100%) and ceftriaxone (50%).

Key words: Antibiotic susceptibility, wound bacterial contaminant.

ABSTRAK: Tindakan operasi, trauma, luka bakar dan beberapa faktor lain dapat mempengaruhi pertahanan/barier kulit terhadap kontaminasi bakteri yang dapat menyebabkan infeksi. Risiko terjadinya infeksi harus tetap diwaspadai dengan penggunaan antibiotik profilaksis yang rasional. Penggunaan antibiotik rasional didapatkan berdasarkan hasil uji kepekaan antibotik terhadap bakteri penyebab. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pola resistensi bakteri kontaminan pada luka pasien di Bangsal Bedah Ortopedi RSUD Ulin Banjarmasin terhadap beberapa antibiotik yaitu gentamisin, kloramfenikol, sefotaksim dan seftriakson periode Juli-September 2013. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik consecutive sampling menurut kriteria inklusi. Penelitian ini menggunakan isolat bakteri kontaminan hasil swab luka pasien yaitu Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, dan Streptococcus sp. Uji kepekaan keempat jenis bakteri tersebut dilakukan secara in vitro dengan metode difusi Kirby-Bauer. Zona radikal yang terbentuk diukur dan dibandingkan dengan standar CLSI 2011. Hasil uji kepekaan antibiotika menunjukkan bahwa Staphylococcus aureus sensitif terhadap gentamisin (100%) dan sefotaksim (66,67%), resisten terhadap kloramfenikol (44,44%); Staphylococcus epidermidis sensitif terhadap sefotaksim (28,75%), resisten terhadap gentamisin (85,71%) dan kloramfenikol (57,14%); Pseudomonas aeruginosa sensitif terhadap sefotaksim (33,33%), resisten terhadap seftriakson (66,67%); Streptococcus sp. sensitif terhadap sefotaksim (50%), resisten terhadap gentamisin (50%), kloramfenikol (100%) dan seftriakson (50%).

Kata-kata kunci : Kepekaan antibiotika, bakteri kontaminan luka.

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/jbk.v10i12.964