Penjernihan Minyak Jelantah menggunakan Adsorben Kulit Durian (Durio zibethinus) Teraktivasi Kalium Hidroksida

Dinda Prihatini Fitri Amne, Hery Gunawan Togatorop, Putri Sintiani, Lisnawaty Simatupang

Abstract


Minyak jelantah merupakan sisa penggunaan bahan pangan, jika di konsumsi akan berbahaya bagi kesehatan. Kegiatan penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjernihkan minyak jelantah menggunakan adsorben kitozenus yaitu dari limbah kulit durian. Metode penelitian secara laboratorium dengan metode fisika dan kimia. Hasil penelitian dilihat dari kualitas minyak jelantah setelah dijernihkan, yaitu dengan mengetahui bilangan iod dan perubahan warna. Proses pembuatan adsorben kitozenus menggunakan limbah kulit durian dengan diaktivasi KOH variasi konsentrasi 25%, 27% dan 30%. Yang sebelumnya adsorben melalui tahap karbonisasi dan setelahnya dilanjutkan dengan tahap kalsinasi pada suhu 900oC. Adsorben kitozenus yang telah diperoleh kemudian dikarakterisasi dengan uji FTIR, SEM dan XRD. Hasil FTIR menunjukkan pada sampel adsorben Kitozenus dapat diketahui bahwa pada adsorben Kitozenus tampak pola yang hampir sama, diperoleh dengan variasi konsentrasi 30% puncak serapan pada bilangan gelombang 1033,85 cm-1 yang merupakan vibrasi ulur asimetri dari gugus  Si-O pada gugus siloksan (Si-O-Si). Variasi konsentrasi alkalis (KOH) 25%, 27%, dan 30% untuk aktivasi adsorben kitozenus menunjukkan semakin tinggi konsentrasi KOH (Alkalis) maka puncak serapan untuk Si-O pada adsorben semakin rendah. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa semakin banyak silaka yang lepas dari adsorben (proses desilikalisasi). Hasil uji SEM menunjukkan dengan konsentrasi 30% lebih baik diantara semua variasi yaitu terlihat bahwa adsorben kitozenus memiliki rongga-rongga pori yang banyak dan tampak lebih jelas. Hasil bilangan iod yang diperoleh dari ketiga variasi yaitu 6,143 (25%), 5,314 (27%) dan 7,906 (30%). dan menunjukkan perubahan warna setelah penjernihan menggunakan adsorben kitozenus.

Kata Kunci: adsorben, bilangan iod, minyak jelantah.

Used cooking oil is the rest of the use of food, if consumed will be harmful to health. The purpose of this research is to purify used cooking oil using adsorbent kitozenus, which is from durian skin waste. Laboratory research methods using physical and chemical methods. The results of the study are seen from the quality of used cooking oil after being cleared, namely by knowing iodine numbers and color changes. The process of making kitozenus adsorbent uses durian skin waste by activating KOH variations in concentrations of 25%, 27% and 30%. The previous one was adsorbed through the carbonization stage and after that it was continued with the calcination stage at 900oC. The obtained kitozenus adsorbent was then characterized by FTIR, SEM and XRD tests. FTIR results showed that in the Kitozenus adsorbent sample it can be seen that on the Kitozenus adsorbent there was a similar pattern, obtained by varying the concentration of 30% absorption peak at wave number 1033.85 cm-1 which is the asymmetric stretching vibration of the Si-O group in the siloxane group ( Si-O-Si). The variations in alkaline concentration (KOH) of 25%, 27%, and 30% for activation of the kitozenus adsorbent showed that the higher the concentration of KOH (Alkalis), the higher the absorption peak for Si-O on the adsorbent. This shows that more and more silaka are separated from the adsorbent (desilicalization process). The SEM test results showed that with a concentration of 30% better among all variations, it was seen that the adsorbent kitozenus had many pores. The iodine numbers obtained from the three variations were 6,143 (25%), 5,314 (27%) and 7,906 (30%) and showed color changes after purification using the kitozenus adsorbent.

Keywords: adsorbent, iodine number, used cooking oil

 





DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/jstk.v14i1.6626

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Alamat Redaksi:
Jl. A. Yani, KM. 36, 
PROGRAM STUDI KIMIA
Kampus Fakultas Matematika dan Pengetahuan Alam, Gedung I,
Universitas Lambung Mangkurat, Banjarbaru (73714)

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