Pengembangan instrumen asesmen motorik kasar anak autism spectrum disorder (asd) berbasis video modeling (vm) pada sekolah luar biasa

Ari Mei Wulandari; M.E. Winarno; Supriyadi Supriyadi

doi:10.20527/multilateral.v24i2.21783

Pengembangan instrumen asesmen motorik kasar anak autism spectrum disorder (asd) berbasis video modeling (vm) pada sekolah luar biasa

Ari Mei Wulandari, M.E. Winarno, Supriyadi Supriyadi

Abstract

Anak-anak yang didiagnosis autism spectrum disorder (ASD) menunjukkan keterlambatan yang signifikan dalam perkembangan motorik, gangguan pada kinerja gerakan serta gangguan perencanaan motorik dibandingkan dengan teman sebanyanya yang berkembang. Tujuan penelitian pengembangan ini berupa mengembangkan instrumen asesmen motorik kasar anak autis berbasis video modeling. Metode yang digunakan menggunakan model developing pyschomotor test terdapat 9 langkah meliputi 1) Review criteria for a good test, 2) Analyze the sport to determine the skills or abilities to be measured, 3) Review literature, 4) Select or construct test items, 5) Determine the exact testing procedures, 6) Peer review, 7) Pilot testing, 8) Determine the statistical qualities of the test-its reliability, validity and objectivity, 9) Establish norms for norm-referenced test or determine standards for criterions-referenced tests. Uji coba dilakukan dengan total 37 peserta didik. Uji validasi diberikan pada ahli validasi evaluasi instrumen, ahli media yang mana tiap ahli terdiri dari 2 ahli. Uji validasi terdari dari validasi isi dan validasi empiris dengan membandingkan antara total skor proses dengan skor lapangan. Uji reliabilitas dengan menggunakan teknik test-retest serta uji objektivitas. Uji validitas isi dinyatakan “valid” untuk tiap item tes, uji validitas empiris terdapat 7 tes dinyatakan “valid” dan 1 tes dinyatakan “tidak valid”. Uji reliabilitas terdapat 1 tes dinyatakan “very good”, 1 tes dinyatakan “excellent” serta 4 tes dinyatakan “accepptable”. Uji objektivitas terdapat 3 tes berkategori “tinggi” dan 4 tes berkategori “baik”. Serta dilengkapi dengan norma penilian untuk masing-masing item tes.

Keywords

autis; motorik kasar; instrumen asesmen; sekolah luar biasa.

Full Text:

PDF SIMILARITY CHECK

References

American Psychiatric Association. (2015). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition: DSM-5 (DSM-5). American Psychiatric Publishing

Case, L., & Yun, J. (2019). Video Modeling and Test of Gross Motor Development-3 Performance among Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. European Journal of Adapted Physical Activity, 11(2). https://doi.org/10.5507/euj.2018.009

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2020). Autism Prevalence Rises in Communities Monitored by CDC. CDC Archive

Corbett, B. A., & Abdullah, M. (2005). Video modeling: Why does it work for children with autism? Journal of Early and Intensive Behavior Intervention, 2(1), 2-8. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0100294

Dwyer, G. B. (1996). Measurement and Evaluation in Human Performance. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 28(1), 155-156. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005768-199601000-00030

Fajar, M. (2017). Peranan Intelegensi Terhadap Perkembangan Keterampilan Fisik Motorik Peserta Didik dalam Pendidikan Jasmani. Multilateral Jurnal Pendidikan Jasmani dan Olahraga, 16(1), 58-63. https://doi.org/10.20527/multilateral.v16i1.3664

Feinstein, A. (2021). Elgar, Sybil. In: Volkmar, F.R. (eds) Encyclopedia of Autism Spectrum Disorders. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91280-6_2021

Klin, A., Volkmar, F. R., & Sparrow, S. S. (1992). Autistic Social Dysfunction: Some Limitations of the Theory of Mind Hypothesis. Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines, 33(5), 861–876. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb01961.x

Krause, J., & Taliaferro, A. (2015). Supporting Students with Autism Spectrum Disorders in Physical Education: There’s an App for that! Palaestra, 29(2). https://js.sagamorepub.com/index.php/palaestra/article/view/6490

Kurniawan, R., Pradana, I. A., & Heynoek, F. P. (2022). Pengembangan Modul Guru Materi Variasi dan Kombinasi Gerak Lokomotor Non-Lokomotor Manipulatif untuk Siswa Autis. Multilateral : Jurnal Pendidikan Jasmani dan Olahraga, 21(2), 98-114. https://doi.org/10.20527/multilateral.v21i2.13161

Lafferty, M. (1998). Book Reviews : Movement Skill Assessment. Burton, A.W. and Miller, D.E. Human Kinetics Pub., 1998, ISBN 0-87322-975-4, 407pp. £25. European Physical Education Review, 4(2). https://doi.org/10.1177/1356336x9800400210

Maenner, M. J., Shaw, K. A., Baio, J., Washington, A., Patric, M., DiRienzo, M., …, Dietz, P. M. (2014). Prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder Among Children Aged 8 Years — Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network, 11 Sites, United States, 2016. Surveillance Summaries, 69(1), 1-12. https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/69/ss/ss6904a1.htm

Mohd Nordin, A., Ismail, J., & Kamal Nor, N. (2021). Motor Development in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder. Frontiers in Pediatrics, 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2021.598276

Nurhidayah, H., Gustiawati, R., Gani, R. A., Kurniawan, F. (2024). Analisis Systematic Review Program Aktivitas Fisik untuk Anak Sekolah Dasar. Multilateral Jurnal Pendidikan Jasmani dan Olahraga, 23(4), 348-358. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/multilateral.v23i4.21789

Pan, C. Y., Tsai, C. L., & Chu, C. H. (2009). Fundamental Movement Skills in Children Diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorders and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 39(12), 1694–1705. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-009-0813-5

Phytanza, D. T. P., Burhaein, E., & Pavlovic, R. (2021). Gross Motor Skills Levels in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder during the Covid-19 Pandemic. International Journal of Human Movement and Sports Sciences, 9(4), 738 - 745. https://doi.org/10.13189/saj.2021.090418

Provost, B., Lopez, B. R., & Heimerl, S. (2007). A Comparison of Motor Delays in Young Children: Autism Spectrum Disorder, Developmental Delay, and Developmental Concerns. Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 37(2), 321–328. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-006-0170-6

Pusdatin Kemendikbud. (2021). Statistik sekolah luar biasa (SLB) 2020/2021. Pusat Data Dan Teknologi Informasi, Sekretariat Jenderal, Kementerian Pendidikan Dan Kebudayaan.

Robinson, L. E., Palmer, K. K., Irwin, J. M., Webster, E. K., Dennis, A. L., Brock, S. J., & Rudisill, M. E. (2015). The Use of Multimedia Demonstration on the Test of Gross Motor Development–Second Edition: Performance and Participant Preference. Journal of Motor Learning and Development, 3(2), 110-122. https://doi.org/10.1123/jmld.2014-0064

Staples, K. L., & Reid, G. (2010). Fundamental Movement Skills and Autism Spectrum Disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 40(2), 209-217. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-009-0854-9

Tuasikal, A. R. S., Kartiko, D. C., Nurhayati, F., Prakoso, B. B., Juniarisca, D. L., & Ristanto, K. O. (2021). Kelayakan Produk Pengembangan Tutorial Aktivitas Fisik bagi Anak Berkebutuhan Khusus saat Pandemi. Multilateral : Jurnal Pendidikan Jasmani dan Olahraga, 20(2), 157-168. https://doi.org/10.20527/multilateral.v20i2.10197

Ulrich, D. A. (2000). Test of gross motor development (2nd ed.). Austin: TX: Pro-Ed.

Wijayakusuma, H. (2014). Psikoterapi Anak Autisma: Teknik Bermain Kreatif Non Verbal Terapi Khusus untuk Autisma. Jakarta: Pustaka Populer Obor.

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/multilateral.v24i2.21783