Formulasi Mikroemulsi Ekstrak Bawang Hutan dan Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan
Abstract
ABSTRAK
Bawang hutan mengandung senyawa metabolit sekunder golongan naftokuinon (elecanacin, eleutherin, elutherol, eleutherinon) yang diketahui memiliki aktivitas antioksidan. Beberapa penelitian telah melaporkan tentang aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak yang diformulasi dalam bentuk sediaan tablet dan krim. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengembangkan formula dalam bentuk mikroemulsi sebagai penghantaran yang efektif untuk mempertahankan aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak bawang hutan. Mikroemulsi dibuat dengan menggunakan virgin coconut oil (VCO) sebagai fasa minyak, Tween 80 sebagai surfaktan dan gliserin sebagai kosurfaktan. Uji stabilitas fisik yang dilakukan terhadap sediaan meliputi uji organoleptik, pH, viskositas, sentrifugasi dan ukuran globul. Uji aktivitas antioksidan dilakukan secara in-vitro menggunakan metode peredaman DPPH dan menggunakan asam askorbat sebagai kontrol positif. Data hasil pengukuran dianalisis secara statistik menggunakan metode t-student. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan mikroemulsi dengan tampilan visual yang jernih dan ukuran globul < 5 μm. Meskipun sediaan mengalami perubahan pH dan viskositas tapi tidak terjadi pemisahan fase pada penyimpanan selama 28 hari. Hasil uji aktivitas antioksidan mikroemulsi ekstrak secara berturut-turut pada penyimpanan suhu 33°C dan 40°C: pada hari ke-1 menunjukkan nilai IC50 sebesar 101,167 μg/mL dan 89,956 μg/mL sedangkan hari ke-35 sebesar 127,254 μg/mL dan 101,996 μg/mL. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak bawang hutan masuk dalam kategori kuat sampai sedang.
Kata kunci : Mikroemulsi, ekstrak bawang hutan (Eleutherine bulbosa (Mill.)Urb.), mutu fisik, antioksidan.
A B S T R A C T
Bawang hutan have contain secondary metabolite naftokuinon class (elecanacin, eleutherin, elutherol, eleutherinon) which known have antioxidant activities. Some of research reported antioxidant activity of extract which formulated in tablet and cream dosage form. The aim of this study was to developed effectively delivery system of bawang hutan in microemulsion for maintenance its antioxidant activity. A microemulsion was prepared using an oil phase of Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO), a surfactant of tween 80 and a cosurfactant of gliserin. Evaluation of physical stability the microemulsions included analysis of organoleptic, viscosity, centrifugation and globul size. The antioxidant activities was evaluated by in vitro experiments using scavenging asssay of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals and using ascorbic acid as positif control. The evaluation result were statistically analyzed using the t-student. The results indicated that a clear microemulsion and the globul size was < 5 μm. Even though, the pH and viscosity were not stable but there are not separated phase after centrifugation on 28 day storage. The antioxidant activity of microemulsion at 33°C dan 40°C storage respectively showed that IC50 values on day 1 is 101.167 μg/mL and 89.956 μg/mL, on day 35 is 127.254 μg/mL and 101.996 μg/mL. According to the result, antioxidant activity of bawang hutan extract is categorized into the powerful to moderate antioxidants.
Keywords : Microemulsion, Eleutherine bulbosa extract (bawang hutan), Physical stability, Antioxidant.
Keywords
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/jps.v2i2.5817
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