Potensi Antioksidan Vitex pinnata Linn Secara In Vivo
Abstract
ABSTRAK
Stres oksidatif merupakan suatu kondisi ketidakseimbangan antara produksi radikal bebas dengan antioksidan dimana kadar radikal bebas lebih tinggi dibandingkan antioksidan. Di dalam tubuh, radikal bebas bersifat toksik dan dapat menimbulkan kerusakan sel. Senyawa yang memiliki aktivitas antioksidan diperlukan untuk menangkal radikal bebas. Kulit batang laban (Vitex pinnata Linn) mengandung flavonoid dan berpotensi sebagai antioksidan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan potensi antioksidan kulit batang laban dalam menurunkan kadar malondialdehida (MDA) dan meningkatkan aktivitas superoksida dismutase (SOD). Metode penelitian sebagai berikut tikus wistar dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok antara lain kelompok normal, kelompok negatif (DMBA 20mg/kg BB), kelompok uji I (DMBA 20mg/kg BB dan ekstrak kulit batang laban 150mg/kg BB), kelompok uji II (DMBA 20 mg/kg BB dan ekstrak kulit batang laban 300mg/kg BB), kelompok uji III (DMBA 20mg/kg BB dan ekstrak kulit batang laban 600mg/kg BB). Pengukuran kadar MDA serum dan aktivitas SOD dilakukan setelah 30 hari pemberian perlakuan. Hasil yang diperoleh ekstrak kulit batang laban dosis 150mg/kg BB, 300mg/kg BB dan 600mg/kg BB secara signifikan dapat menurunkan kadar MDA sebesar 13,30%, 21,26%, 29,53%. Ekstrak kulit batang laban dosis 150mg/kg BB, 300mg/kg BB dan 600mg/kg BB secara signifikan dapat meningkatkan aktivitas SOD sebesar 64%, 72,31%, 77,50%. Hal ini menunjukkan ekstrak kulit batang laban memiliki aktivitas sebagai antioksidan karena mengandung senyawa flavonoid yang dapat mendonorkan atom hidrogen ke radikal bebas yang bersifat reaktif karena memiliki satu elektron tidak berpasangan sehingga mengurangi pembentukan radikal bebas seperti MDA dan meningkatkan aktivitas SOD.
Kata kunci: Vitex pinnata, superoksida dismutase, malondialdehida, antioksidan, DMBA
ABSTRACT
Oxidative stress is a condition of an imbalance between the production of free radicals and demand of antioxidant. Free radicals are toxic and can cause cell damage. Antioxidant are compounds that can scavenging free radicals. Vitex pinnata Linn contain flavonoid compounds as antioxidant. The objective of research is proved antioxidant activity of Vitex pinnata Linn in decrease malondialdehyde (MDA) and increase activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD). The method as follows: Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups including normal group, negative group (DMBA dose of 20mg/kg body weight), group I test (DMBA dose of 20mg/kg body weight and extract Vitex pinnata dose of 150mg/kg body weight), group II test (DMBA dose of 20mg/kg body weight and extract Vitex pinnata dose of 300mg/kg body weight), group III test (DMBA dose of 20mg/kg body weight and extract Vitex pinnata dose of 600mg/kg body weight). The results obtained extract Vitex pinnata dose of 150mg/kg body weight, 300mg/kg body weight, 600mg/kg body weight significantly decreased MDA levels by 13,30%, 21,26%, 29,53%. Extract Vitex pinnata dose of 150mg/kg body weight, 300mg/kg body weight, 600mg/kg body weight significantly increased SOD activity by 64%, 72,31%, 77,50%. This shows that extract Vitex pinnata has an antioxidant activity because contain flavonoid compounds that can donate hydrogen atoms to free radicals which have one unpaired electron thus decreasing the production of MDA and increasing SOD activity.
Keywords: Vitex pinnata, superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde, antioxidant, DMBA
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/jps.v6i1.6075
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