NON-STANDARD SCHEME DISCRETIZATION (NSFD) FOR COMMENSALISM SYMBIOSIS MODEL WITH HARVESTING IN COMMENSAL POPULATIONS
Abstract
Dynamic analysis on the model of commensalism symbiosis with the discretized Michaelis-Menten cropping by using different schemes to non-standard finite difference (NSFD) is the main focus in this article. The analysis is started by searching the equilibrium points with their existence terms and local stability with their stability terms. In this article, there are four equilibrium points. The points are the extinction point of both populations, the host extinction point, the commensal extinction point, and the point where both populations can coexist (the coexistence equilibrium point). The existence of a host extinction point and a point at which both populations can coexist depends on the conditions of existence that must be met. Among the four equilibrium points, the commensal extinction point and the coexistence equilibrium point are locally asymptotically stable provided that the specified stability conditions are met. In the final analysis, numerical simulations were performed using the 4th order Runge–Kutta scheme for the continuous model and the NSFD scheme for the discrete model. The results show that the NSFD scheme offers greater flexibility in choosing the integration time step to ensure convergence to a feasible solution, outperforming the 4th order Runge–Kutta scheme in this respect.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Abdelaziz, M. A. M., Ismail, A. I., Abdullah, F. A., & Mohd, M. H. (2018). Bifurcations and Chaos in a Discrete SI Epidemic Model with Fractional Order. Advances in Difference Equations, 1, 44. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13662-018-1481-6
Bairagi, N., & Biswas, M. (2016). A Predator-Prey Model with Beddington-DeAngelis Functional Response: A Non-Standard Finite-Difference Method. Journal of Difference Equations and Applications, 22(4), 529–541. https://doi.org/10.1080/10236198.2015.1111345
Chen, B. (2018). Dynamic Behaviors of a Commensal Symbiosis Model Involving Allee Effect and One Party Can Not Survive Independently. Advances in Difference Equations, 2018(1), 495–506. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13662-018-1663-2
Chen, B. (2019). The influence of Commensalism on A Lotka–Volterra Commensal Symbiosis Model with Michaelis–Menten Type Harvesting. Advances in Difference Equations, 2019(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13662-019-1989-4
Chen, J., & Wu, R. (2017). A Commensal Symbiosis Model with Non-Monotonic Functional Response. Communications in Mathematical Biology and Neuroscience. https://doi.org/10.28919/cmbn/2839
Fattahpour, H., Nagata, W., & Zangeneh, H. R. Z. (2019). Prey–Predator Dynamics with Two Predator Types and Michaelis–Menten Predator Harvesting. Differential Equations and Dynamical Systems. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12591-019-00500-z
Hu, D., & Cao, H. (2017). Stability and Bifurcation Analysis in A Predator–Prey System with Michaelis–Menten Type Predator Harvesting. Nonlinear Analysis: Real World Applications. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nonrwa.2016.05.010
Edessa, K. G. (2018). Modeling and Simulation Study of the Population Dynamics of Commensal-Host-Parasite System. American Journal of Applied Mathematics, 6(3), 97. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajam.20180603.11
Lai, L., Yu, X., He, M., & Li, Z. (2020). Impact of Michaelis–Menten Type Harvesting in a Lotka–Volterra Predator–Prey System Incorporating Fear Effect. Advances in Difference Equations. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13662-020-02724-8
Liu, W., & Jiang, Y. (2018). Bifurcation of A Delayed Gause Predator-Prey Model with Michaelis-Menten Type Harvesting. Journal of Theoretical Biology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2017.11.007
Liu, Y., Zhao, L., Huang, X., & Deng, H. (2018). Stability and Bifurcation Analysis of Two Species Amensalism Model with Michaelis–Menten Type Harvesting and A Cover for The First Species. Advances in Difference Equations, 2018(1), 14–21. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13662-018-1752-2
Mickens, R. E. (2005). Advances in the Applications of Nonstandard Finite Difference Schemes. World Scientific.
Mickens, R. E., & Elyadi, S. (1997). An Introduction to Difference Equations. The American Mathematical Monthly. https://doi.org/10.2307/2975254
Murray, J. D. (2002). Mathematical Biology : I . An Introduction , Third Edition (S. S. A. J. E. Marsden & L. S. S. Wiggins (eds.); Third Edit). Springer US. https://dl.icdst.org/pdfs/files/27f6eba850c27d335ff3f93778d8057f.pdf
Ongun, M. Y., & Ozdogan, N. (2017). A Non-Standard Numerical Scheme for A Predator-Prey Model with Allee Effect. The Journal of Nonlinear Sciences and Applications, 10(02), 713–723. https://doi.org/10.22436/jnsa.010.02.32
Saha, S., Maiti, A., & Samanta, G. P. (2018). A Michaelis-Menten Predator-Prey Model with Strong Allee Effect and Disease in Prey Incorporating Prey Refuge. International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos, 28(6). https://doi.org/10.1142/S0218127418500736
Satar, H. A., & Naji, R. K. (2022). Stability and Bifurcation in A Prey–Predator–Scavenger System with Michaelis–Menten Type of Harvesting Function. Differential Equations and Dynamical Systems, 30(4), 933–956. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12591-018-00449-5
Shabbir, M. S., Din, Q., Safeer, M., Khan, M. A., & Ahmad, K. (2019). A Dynamically Consistent Nonstandard Finite Difference Scheme for a Predator–Prey Model. Advances in Difference Equations, 2019(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13662-019-2319-6
Simbiosis Komensalisme Anggrek. (n.d.). kependidikan.com. Retrieved November 15, 2025, from https://kependidikan.com/simbiosis-komensalisme/simbiosis-komensalisme-anggrek-500px/
Tassaddiq, A., Shabbir, M. S., Din, Q., Ahmad, K., & Kazi, S. (2020). A Ratio-Dependent Nonlinear Predator-Prey Model with Certain Dynamical Results. IEEE Access, 8, 195074–195088. https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3030778
Wei, Z., Xia, Y., & Zhang, T. (2020). Stability and Bifurcation Analysis of An Amensalism Model with Weak Allee Effect. Qualitative Theory of Dynamical Systems, 19(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12346-020-00341-0
Xue, Y., Xie, X., & Lin, Q. (2019). Almost Periodic Solutions of a Commensalism System with Michaelis-Menten Type Harvesting on Time Scales. Open Mathematics. https://doi.org/10.1515/math-2019-0134
Ye, Y., Liu, H., Wei, Y., Zhang, K., Ma, M., & Ye, J. (2019). Dynamic study of A Predator-Prey Model with Allee Effect and Holling Type-I Functional Response. Advances in Difference Equations, 2019(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13662-019-2311-1
Zuo, W.-Q., Ma, Z.-P., & Cheng, Z.-B. (2020). Spatiotemporal Dynamics Induced by Michaelis–Menten Type Prey Harvesting in a Diffusive Leslie–Gower Predator–Prey Model. International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos. https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218127420502041
DOI: https://doi.org/10.20527/epsilon.v19i2.16551
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2025 EPSILON: JURNAL MATEMATIKA MURNI DAN TERAPAN (EPSILON: JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS)
Indexed by:

EDITORIAL OFFICE

All articles published in "Epsilon: Jurnal Matematika Murni dan Terapan" are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0). Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.


