KOREKSI TERHADAP PENGUKURAN POLUTAN DI UDARA DAN DAMPAKNYA TERHADAP KESEHATAN
Abstract
Abstract
Understanding the reaction of various pollutants in the air until today continues to grow, even hardly find information about the results of the reaction of various air pollutants standard. The aim of research to analyze and correction of the measurement of various air pollutants as well as the impact on health of blacksmith. The case study done on 38 blacksmith and 38 working units in Hulu Sungai Selatan South Kalimantan with observational analytic approach along with sampling of air pollutants and blood sampling as well as examination of pulmonary function of workers. The results showed a decrease in lung function and abnormalization workers immune response, as a result of exposure to various air pollutants, so it is very difficult to determine and predict because it is caused by pollutants singly or may be caused from the various reactions of these pollutants, for that, the correction need on the measurement and analysis of air pollutants that made so far, including its impact on the human body. The benefits of this research as a form of correction to use the Threshold Limit Value (TLV) and measuring air pollutants, including the impact of the target organ in the human body.
Keywords: Measurements correction, pollutants, lung function, immune response
Full Text:
PDFReferences
WHO. Hazardous Chemicals in Human and Environmental Health. Publisher The International Programme on Chemical Safety. WHO. Geneva 27. Swizerland. 2000.
Devalia, JL., Rusznak, C., Herdman, MJ., Trigg, CJ., Davies, RJ and Tarraf, H. Effects of NO2 and SO2 on Airway Response of Mild Asthmatic Patients to Allergen Inhalation. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 1994. 321-157.
Knox, RB., Suphioglu, C., Taylor, P., Desai, R., Watson, HC and Peng, JL. Major Grass Pollen Allergen Lolp-1 Binds to Diesel Exhaust Particles: Implications for Asthma and Air Pollution. J Clin Exp Allergy. 1997. 27;246-51.
Kobayashi, T and Ito, T. Diesel Exhaust Particulates Induce Nasal and Mucosal Hyperresponsiveness to Inhaled Histamine Aerosol. J Fundam Appl Toxicol. 1995. 27;195-202.
Mukono, H.J. Toksikologi Lingkungan. Airlangga University Press. Surabaya. 2005.
Sagai, M., Furuyama, A and Ichinose, T. Biological Effects of Diesel Exhaust Particles Pathogenesis of Asthma Like Symptoms in Mice. J Free Radic Biol Med. 1996. 21;199-209.
Devalia, JL., Rusznak, C., Herdman, MJ., Trigg, CJ., Davies, RJ and Tarraf, H. Effect of Nitrogen Dioxide on Synthesis of Inflammatory Cytokines Expressed by Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells and Vitro. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 1995. 271-8.
Blomberg, A., Krishna, MT., Helleday, R., Derberg, M., Ledin, MC., Kelly, FJ., Frew, AJ., Holgate, ST and Sandstram, T. Persistence Air Inflammation but Accommodated Antioxidant and Lung Function Responses After Repeated Daily Exposure to Nitrogen Dioxide. Am J Resp and Crit Care Med. 1999. Vol. 159. No: 2. 536-534.
Matthew, E.P., Rebbeca, L., Persinger., Charles, G., Irvin., Kelly, J., Butnor and Douglas, J. NO2 Enhances Allergic Airway Inflammation and Hyperresponsiveness in The Mouse. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2005. 290(1);L144-52.
Devalia, JL., Bayram, H., Abdel Aziz, MM., Sapsford, RJ and Davies, RJ. Differences between Cytokine Release from Bronchial Epithelial Cells of Asthmatic Patients and Non Asthmatic Subjects: Effect of Exposure to Diesel Exhaust Particles. J Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 1999. 118(2-4);437-9.
Tjokrokusumo. Pengantar Enjiniring Lingkungan. Penerbit Andi. Yogyakarta. 1999.
Proust, B., Ghislaine, L., Frank, R., Maryse, M., Anthony, L and Boris, V. B. Interference of a Short Term Exposure to NO2 with Allergic Airways Responses to Allergic Challenges in BALB/c Mice. J Mediators Inflamm. 2002. 11(4);251-260.
Lindvall, T., Mueller, PK and Wright, R. Response of Rat Lung Must Cells to Nitrogen Dioxide Inhalation. J Air Pollut Control Assoc. 1997. 17;33-35.
Camner, P and Ewetz, L. Healt Risks Resulting From Exposure to Motor Vehicle Exhaust. J Med. 1983. 329;281-5.
Svorcova, S and Kaut, V. The Arterio-Venous Differences in the Nitrite and Nitrate Ion Concentrations After Nitrogen Oxides Inhalation. J Cesk Hyg. 1971.16;71-76.
Colluci, AV. Pulmonary Dose/Effect Relationships in Ozone Exposure. J Occup Med Toxicol. 1983. 9;20-30.
Zarkower and Morges, W. Infection and Immunity. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 1997. 42;132-152.
Kelleher, P., Pacheco, K and Newman, L.S. Inorganic Dust Pneumonias: The Metal-Related Parenchymal Disorders. J Environ Health Persp. 2000. 108(Suppl 4);685-696.
Andre, E.N., Diaz-Sanchez, D., David, Ng., Timothy, H and Saxon, A. Enhancement of Allergic Inflammation by the Interaction between Diesel Exhaust Particles and the Immune System. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1998. 102;539-554.
Diaz-Sanchez, D. Pollution and The Immune Response: Atopic Diseases-are We Too Dirty or Too Clean?. J Immunol. 2000a. 101;11-18.
Becker, AB. Is Primary Prevention of Asthma Possible?. J Dawsons of Pall Mall. 1996. 5;45A-9A.
Bonner, JC., Lindroos, PM., Rice, TM., Moomaw, CR and Morgan, DL. Induction of PDGF Receptor a in Rat Myofibroblast During Pulmonary Fibrogenesis in Vivo. Am J Physiol. 1998. 274;L72–80.
Terada, N., Hamano, N., Maesako, KL., Hiruma, K., Hohki, G., Suzuki, T., Ishikawa, K and Konno, A. Diesel Exhaust Particles Upregulate Histamine Receptor mRNA and Increase Histamine-induced IL-8 and GM-CSF Production in Nasal Epithelial Cells and Endothelial Cells. J Clin Exp Allergy. 1999. 29(1);52-9.
Costa, M., Zhitkovich, A and Toniolo, P. DNA Protein Cross-Link in Welders: Mulecullar Implications. J Cancer Res. 1993. 1;53(3);460-3.
Erikson, KM., Dorman, DC., Lash, LH., Dobson, AW and Aschner, M. Airborne Manganese Exposure Differentially Affects and Points of Oxidative Stress in an Age and Sex Dependent Manner. J Occup Environ Med. 2004. 78;432-51.
Diaz-Sanchez, D. The Role of Diesel Exhaust Particles and Their Associated Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons in the Induction of Allergic Airway Disease. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1997a. 144;1177–1187.
Ichinose, T., Takano, H., Miyabara, Y., Yanagisawa, R and Sagai, M. Murine Strain Differences in Allergic Airway Inflammation and Immunoglobulin Production by a Combination of Antigen and Diesel Exhaust Particles. J Toxicol. 1997. 122(3);138-92.
Heo, Y., Saxon, A and Hankinson, O. Effect of Diesel Exhaust Particles and Their Components on the Allergen-Specific IgE and IgG Response in Mice. J Toxicol. 2001. 159;143–158.
Yanagisawa, R., Takano, H., Ichinose, T., Yamaki, K., Ken, I.I., Sadakane, K and Yoshikawa, T. Components of Diesel Exhaust Particles Differentially Affect Th1/Th2 Response in a Murine Model of Allergic Airway Inflammation. J Clin Exp Allergy. 2006. 36(3);386-95.
Miyabara, Y., Takano, H., Ichinose, T., Lim, BH and Sagai, M. Diesel Exhaust Particles Enhances Allergic Airway Inflammation and Hyperresponsiveness in Mice. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1998. 157(4 Pt 1);1138-44.
Ohta, K., Yamashita, N., Tajima, M., Miyasaka, T., Nakano, J., Nakajima, M., Ishii, A., Horiuchi, T., Mano, K and Miyamoto, T. Diesel Exhaust Particulate Induces Airway Hyperresponsiveness in a Murine Model: Essential Role of GM-CSF. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1999. 104(5);1024-30.
Muranaka, M., Suzuki, T., Koizumi, K., Takafuji, S., Miyamoto, T and Ikemori, R. Adjuvant Activity of Diesel Exhaust Particulates for The Production of IgE Antibody in Mice. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1986. 77;616-23.
Suzuki, T and Kanoh, T. The Adjuvant Activity of Pyrene in Diesel Exhaust on IgE Antibody Production In Mice. J Allergy. 1993. 42;963-8.
Kobayashi, T., Ikeue, T., Ito, T., Ikeda, A., Murakami, M and Kato, A. Short Term Exposure to Diesel Exhaust Induces Nasal Mucosal Hyperresponsiveness to Histamine in Guinea Pigs. J Fundam Appl Toxicol. 1997. 38;166-72.
Tenkate, TD. Occupational Exposure to Ultraviolet Radiation: A Health Risk Assessment. J Rev Environ Health. 1999. 14;187-209.
SK Menaker, No. 01/Men/1997 Tentang Nilai Ambang Batas Faktor Kimia di Udara Lingkungan Kerja. Diterbitkan oleh Sekretariat Negara RI. Jakarta. 1997.
Erhabor, GE., Fatusis and Obembe, OB. Pulmonary Functions in ARC-Welders in East. J Afr Med. 78(9);461-4. 2001.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/jbk.v1i1.588
Article Metrics
Abstract view : 378 timesPDF - 732 times
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.