FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI HIPERTENSI DI RSUD DR. RM. DJOELHAM KOTA BINJAI

Sopia Rita(1*)
(1) 
(*) Corresponding Author
DOI : 10.20527/jpkmi.v4i3.4323

Abstract

Abstrak

 

Salah satu isu global saat ini adalah penyakit kardiovaskuler yang sangat dipengaruhi oleh hipertensi. Berbagai faktor yang mempengaruhi hipertensi antara lain riwayat merokok, riwayat stres, riwayat konsumsi alkohol, riwayat obesitas dan riwayat aktifitas fisik yang kurang. Berdasarkan data medical record RSUD Dr. R.M Djoelham Kota Binjai tahun 2016 penderita hipertensi ada sebanyak 366 orang, data ini meningkat dari tahun-tahun sebelumnya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana pengaruh faktor-faktor tersebut serta faktor apa yang paling dominan sebagai penyebab hipertensi. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analitik observasional dengan pendekatan case control. Populasi penelitian adalah seluruh pasien yang berobat ke RSUD Dr. R.M Djoelham Kota Binjai dan sebanyak 105 orang telah berpartisipasi menjadi sampel dimana 35 orang sebagai sampel kasus dan 70 orang sebagai sampel kontrol. Pengambilan sampel dengan purposive sampling dan untuk menganalisa hasil digunakan chi square dengan tingkat kepercayaan 95% (α = 0,05) dan dilanjutkan dengan regresi logistik berganda yang menunjukkan bahwa ada pengaruh riwayat merokok (nilai p = 0,008, OR=4,070), riwayat stres (nilai p = 0,001, OR=5,091), riwayat konsumsi alkohol (nilai p = 0,001, OR=16,312), riwayat obesitas (nilai p = 0,001, OR=5,856) dan riwayat aktifitas fisik (nilai p =0,002, OR=4,333) terhadap kejadian hipertensi. Faktor dominan adalah riwayat konsumsi alkohol dengan (nilai p = 0,001, OR=21,967). Berdasarkan hasil tersebut diketahui bahwa responden dengan riwayat konsumsi alkohol memiliki risiko sebesar 21,967 kali untuk mengalami hipertensi dibandingkan dengan responden yang memiliki riwayat tidak konsumsi alkohol. Berdasarkan hasil  penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa merokok, stres, riwayat konsumsi alkohol, obesitas dan aktifitas fisik berpengaruh terhadap kejadian hipertensi. Konsumsi alkohol merupakan faktor yang paling berpengaruh terhadap kejadian hipertensi di RSUD DR. RM. Djoelham Kota Binjai.

 

Kata-kata kunci: Faktor mempengaruhi hipertensi, pasien

 

 

Abstract

 

One of the global issues today is about cardiovascular disease which is highly influenced by hypertension. Some factors which influence the incidence of hypertension are history of smoking, history of stress, history of consuming alcohol, history of obesity, and lack of physical activity. Based on the medical record from RSUD dr. R.M. Djoelham, Binjai, in 2016, it was found that there were 366 hypertension patients, and the number has increased each year. The objective of the research was to find out the influence of the factors above and what factor which had the most dominant influence on the incidence of hypertension. The research used observational analytic method with case-control design. The samples were 105 patients, and 35 of them were in the case group while 70 of them were in the control group, taken by using purposive sampling technique. The data were analyzed by using chi square test at the significance level of 95% (a = 0.05) and multiple logistic regression analysis. The result of the research showed that there was the influence of history of smoking (p value= 0.008, OR=4.070), history of stress (p value=0.001, OR=5.091), history of consuming alcohol (p value=0.001, OR=16.312), history of obesity (p value=0.001, OR=5.856), and history of physical activity (p value=0.002, OR=4.333) with the incidence of hypertension. The most dominant factor was history of consuming alcohol (p value=0.001, OR=21,967) which indicated that the respondents who had the history of consuming alcohol had 21.967 times of getting the risk for undergoing hypertension, compared with those who did not consume alcohol. Based on the research can be concluded that smoking, stress, history of alcohol consumption, obesity and physical activity affect the incidence of hypertension. Consumption of alcohol is the most influential factor on the incidence of hypertension in RSUD DR. RM. Djoelham City of Binjai.

 

Keywords: Factors which influence hypertension, patient

 

Keywords


Faktor mempengaruhi hipertensi, pasien

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Submited : 27 December 2017
Published : 27 December 2017

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