PENGARUH PROSES DELIGNIFIKASI PADA PRODUKSI GLUKOSA DARI TONGKOL JAGUNG DENGAN HIDROLISIS ASAM ENCER

Primata Mardina; Adelina I. Talalangi; Jhon F. M. Sitinjak; Andri Nugroho; M. Reza Fahrizal

doi:10.20527/k.v2i2.78

PENGARUH PROSES DELIGNIFIKASI PADA PRODUKSI GLUKOSA DARI TONGKOL JAGUNG DENGAN HIDROLISIS ASAM ENCER

Primata Mardina, Adelina I. Talalangi, Jhon F. M. Sitinjak, Andri Nugroho, M. Reza Fahrizal

Abstract

Hidrolisis asam encer dari tongkol jagung untuk produksi glukosa mengalami hambatan karena adanya lignin. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh dari proses perusakan lignin dengan proses menggunakan hidrolisis basa Hidrolisis basa yang biasa disebut delignifikasi dilakukan pada suhu 55^oC selama 4 jam dengan konsentrasi larutan basa, yaitu NaOH 5%, 10% dan 15% berat Hasil menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi NaOH yang optimal untuk pengurangan lignin adalah 15% berat dengan persentase pengurangan sebesar 89,3%. Tongkol jagung yang tidak dan telah didelignifikasi dengan NaOH kemudian dihidrolisis dengan menggunakan H₂SO₄ 0,75% berat dengan waktu dan suhu yang berbeda dan dianalisis kadungan glukosanya. Glukosa yang dihasilkan dari partikel tongkol jagung yang didelignifikasi dengan NaOH 15% wt lebih besar daripada tongkol jagung yang tidak didelignifikasi untuk semua variasi waktu dan suhu. Hal ini menunjukkan proses delignifikasi untuk merusak struktur lignin akan meningkatkan reaktivitas dari katalis asam pada proses hidrolisis asam encer.

Kata kunci: Tongkol jagung, lignin, delignifikasi, hidrolisis asam encer, glukosa

The dilute acid hydrolysis of corn cob for glucose production has faced barrier because of lignin. In this research, an effective lignin destruction process by alkali hydrolysis which affects glucose production from corn cob as lignocellulose biomass was investigated. Alkali hydrolysis called delignification was performed at 55^oC for 4 hr with various NaOH concentrations: 5%, 10% and 15%-wt. It was found that optimal NaOH concentration for lignin reduction was 15%-wt and the percentage of reduction was 89.3%. The untreated and NaOH 15%-wt treated solid fraction were hydrolyzed by 0.75%-wt H₂SO₄ with various times and temperatures. The glucose content of liquid fraction from hydrolysis was analyzed. The result showed that the yield of glucose for NaOH 15% -wt treated corn cob was higher than that of untreated corn cob for various temperatures and operation times. It implied the destruction of lignin structure would enhance the reactivity of acid catalyst for diluted acid hydrolysis process.

Keywords: Corn cob, lignin, delignification, acid dilute hydrolysis, and glucose

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/k.v2i2.78