Evaluation of biology practicum implementation: Analysis of achievement of science process skills, literacy numeracy and conceptual understanding
Abstract
Science process skills (SPS) are fundamental for 21st-century education, as they foster students’ reasoning, inquiry competence, and conceptual understanding. In biology learning, SPS play a central role in cultivating scientific literacy and preparing students with critical thinking and problem-solving abilities required in the global era. Yet, international assessments such as PISA consistently show that Indonesian students perform below the OECD average in scientific literacy, indicating weaknesses in evidence-based reasoning and application of scientific concepts. This problem is often linked to teacher-centered instruction and limited implementation of inquiry-based laboratory activities in schools. This study investigates the implementation of SPS in biology practicum through interviews with teachers and analysis of laboratory activity documents from five public senior high schools in Makassar. A qualitative descriptive method was applied, focusing on indicators such as observation, classification, prediction, data interpretation, hypothesis formulation, experimental planning, communication, and concept application. The results reveal that observation and interpretation are partially practiced but lack structured guidance and do not encourage student autonomy. Other skills, including classification, prediction, hypothesis formulation, experimental planning, and communication, are rarely emphasized because students mostly follow predetermined procedures. The findings conclude that biology practicum has not effectively supported SPS development, reinforcing students’ low scientific literacy. Strengthening inquiry-based learning and enhancing teacher professional development are recommended to improve laboratory pedagogy and foster meaningful, student-centered science learning.
Abstrak. Keterampilan proses sains (KPS) merupakan aspek fundamental dalam pendidikan abad ke-21 karena berperan penting dalam menumbuhkan penalaran, kompetensi inkuiri, dan pemahaman konsep peserta didik. Dalam pembelajaran biologi, KPS menjadi kunci untuk mengembangkan literasi sains sekaligus mempersiapkan siswa dengan kemampuan berpikir kritis dan pemecahan masalah yang dibutuhkan pada era global. Namun, asesmen internasional PISA secara konsisten menunjukkan bahwa capaian literasi sains siswa Indonesia berada di bawah rata-rata OECD, yang mencerminkan kelemahan dalam penalaran berbasis bukti dan penerapan konsep ilmiah. Kondisi ini sering dikaitkan dengan pembelajaran berpusat pada guru serta keterbatasan penerapan praktikum berbasis inkuiri di sekolah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi implementasi KPS dalam kegiatan praktikum biologi melalui analisis wawancara dengan guru biologi dan dokumen kegiatan laboratorium (DKL) di lima sekolah menengah atas negeri di Makassar. Penelitian menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan fokus pada kelengkapan dan kedalaman indikator KPS, seperti mengamati, mengklasifikasi, memprediksi, menafsirkan data, merumuskan hipotesis, merancang eksperimen, mengomunikasikan, dan menerapkan konsep. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa keterampilan mengamati dan menafsirkan sudah diterapkan namun belum terstruktur dan kurang mendorong kemandirian siswa. Sementara itu, keterampilan lain seperti klasifikasi, prediksi, dan perumusan hipotesis masih jarang dilatihkan. Perencanaan eksperimen dan komunikasi ilmiah juga terbatas karena siswa hanya mengikuti prosedur yang tersedia. Disimpulkan bahwa pendekatan praktikum saat ini belum mendukung pengembangan KPS secara menyeluruh. Diperlukan penerapan model pembelajaran berbasis inkuiri serta pelatihan profesional guru untuk meningkatkan pedagogi laboratorium dan pembelajaran yang berorientasi pada siswa.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Abrahams, I., & Millar, R. (2008). Does practical work really work? A study of the effectiveness of practical work as a teaching and learning method in school science. International Journal of Science Education, 30(14), 1945–1969. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09500690701749305
Adams-Wiggins, K. R., & Dancis, J. S. (2023). Marginality in inquiry-based science learning contexts: The role of exclusion cascades. Mind, Culture, and Activity, 29(4), 356–373. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10749039.2023.2178014
Anbiya, K., Muhibbudin, M., Khaldun, I., & Yusrizal, Y. (2023). Integration of problem-based learning model with guided inquiry worksheet to enhance scientific process skills and critical thinking abilities. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 9(10), 8328-8334. DOI: https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v9i10.4724
Ajayi, V. O., & Ogbeba, J. (2017). Effect of gender on senior secondary chemistry students' achievement in stoichiometry using hands-on activities. American Journal of Educational Research, 5(8), 839–842. DOI: https://doi.org/10.12691/education-5-8-1
Cartwright, N. M., Liddle, D. M., Arceneaux, B., Newton, G., & Monk, J. M. (2020). Assessing scientific literacy skill perceptions and practical capabilities in fourth year undergraduate biological science students. International Journal of Higher Education, 9(6), 64–74. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5430/ijhe.v9n6p64
Çetin, P. S., Eymur, G., & Demirci, N. (2024). Investigating the role of an inquiry-based science lab on students’ scientific literacy. Instructional Science, 52, 743–760. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11251-024-09672-w
Daniah, S. (2022). Analisis kemampuan guru dalam merancang praktikum biologi berbasis inkuiri di sekolah menengah atas. Jurnal Pendidikan Sains, 10(2), 145–152. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1234/jps.v10i2.2022
Delgado-Iglesias, J., Reinoso-Tapia, R., & Bobo-Pinilla, J. (2024). Estimating the competence of preservice primary teachers to use inquiry and their willingness to apply it in the classroom. International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education, 22, 469–490. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10763-023-10377-8
Dewi, A. K., Slamet, S. Y., Atmojo, I. R. W., & Syawaludin, A. (2023). The influence of interactive digital worksheets based on level of inquiry towards science process skills in elementary school. Pegem Journal of Education and Instruction, 13(1), 251-258. DOI: https://doi.org/10.47750/pegegog.13.01.27
Diem, K., van Driel, J. H., & Verhoeff, R. P. (2024). Rethinking practical work in biology education: Aligning teaching practices with epistemic aims. International Journal of Science Education, 46(1), 55–74. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09500693.2023.2282124
Fauzi, A. & Fadilah, M. (2024). Literatur review: Implementasi literasi numerasi pada pembelajaran biologi di SMA. Biodik, 10(2), 132–137. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22437/biodik.v10i2.33802.
Fenanlampir, A., Batlolona, J. R., & Imelda, I. (2019). The struggle of Indonesian students in the context of TIMSS and PISA has not ended. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 10(2), 393–406. Retrieved from https://iaeme.com/Home/article_id/IJCIET_10_02_042
Geiger, V., Forgasz, H., & Goos, M. (2015). A critical orientation to numeracy across the curriculum. ZDM - International Journal on Mathematics Education, 47(4), 611–624. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11858-014-0648-1
Gizaw, G., & Sota, S. S. (2023). Improving science process skills of students: A review of literature. Science Education International, 34(3), 234–245. Retrieved from https://icaseonline.net/journal/index.php/sei/article/view/526
Hasnunidah, N., Susilo, H., Irawati, M., & Suwono, H. (2020). The contribution of argumentation and critical thinking skills on students’ concept understanding in different learning models. Journal of University Teaching & Learning Practice, 17(1), 1–11. DOI: https://doi.org/10.53761/1.17.1.6
Ioannidou, O., & Erduran, S. (2021). Beyond hypothesis testing: Teachers’ understanding of scientific methods. Science & Education, 30(2), 345–364. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11191-020-00185-9
Kang, J. (2022). Interrelationship between inquiry-based learning and instructional quality in predicting science literacy. Research in Science Education, 52, 339–355. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11165-020-09946-6
Karamustafaoğlu, O. (2011). Improving the science process skills in science teaching. Eurasian Journal of Physics and Chemistry Education, 3(1), 26–38. DOI: https://doi.org/10.51724/ijpce.v3i1.99
Li, X., Zhang, Y., Yu, F., & Wang, L. (2024). Do science teachers’ beliefs related to inquiry-based teaching affect students’ science process skills? Evidence from a multilevel model analysis. Disciplinary and Interdisciplinary Science Education Research, 6(1), 1–14. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s43031-023-00089-y
Lunetta, V. N., Hofstein, A., & Clough, M. P. (2010). Learning and teaching in the school science laboratory. In D. Corrigan, R. Gunstone, & A. Jones (Eds.), The Professional Knowledge Base of Science Teaching. Springer.
Maftuhah, M. (2024). Penerapan inquiry laboratory pada materi fotosintesis untuk meningkatkan kemampuan inkuiri, literasi kuantitatif, dan penguasaan konsep peserta didik SMA. (Undergraduate thesis, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Bandung).
Mullis, I.V.S. (2020). TIMSS 2019 international results in mathematics and science. TIMSS & PIRLS International Study Center, Boston College. Retrieved from https://timssandpirls.bc.edu/timss2019/international-results/
National Research Council. (2012). A framework for K–12 science education: Practices, crosscutting concepts, and core ideas. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17226/13165.
Nugroho, A., Lestari, D. & Prasetyo, T. (2023). Penerapan pembelajaran kontekstual dalam biologi untuk meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir aplikatif siswa. Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan IPA, 9(1), 50–59. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21009/jipi.2023.0901.05.
Nuristiqomah, N. I. (2023). Profil kemampuan literasi kuantitatif dan sikap ilmiah siswa SMA pada pembelajaran ekosistem menggunakan guided inquiry. (Undergraduate thesis, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Bandung). Retrieved from https://repository.upi.edu/101521/
Novak, J. D., & Gowin, D. B. (1984). Learning how to learn. Cambridge University Press.
Nunaki, J. H., Siagian, S., Nusantari, E., Kandowangko, N. Y., & Damopolii, I. (2020). Fostering students’ process skills through inquiry-based science learning implementation. Journal of Physics Conference Series, 1521(4), 42030. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1521/4/042030
Nuraeni, E., Soesilawaty, S., Permana, I., & Rahmania, S. (2019, October). Students’ biological-mathematical attitude in quantitative literacy-based learning on the topic of ecosystem. In Proceedings of the 7th Mathematics, Science, and Computer Science Education International Seminar, MSCEIS (Vol. 12). DOI: https://doi.org/10.4108/eai.12-10-2019.2296319
Nurhayati, N., Syahirah, S., Lodang, H., & Abdul, H. (2022). Inovasi Pembelajaran Biologi Melalui Pengembangan Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik Berbasis Keterampilan Proses Sains Untuk SMA. Jurnal Biology Science & Education, 11(1), 19-30. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33477/bs.v11i1.2592
OECD. (2019). PISA 2018 results (Volume I): What student know and can do. Paris: OECD Publishing. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1787/5f07c754-en
Phillips, S. (2023). Claim-Evidence-Reasoning (CER) resources for the science classroom. TCEA Blog. Retrieved from https://blog.tcea.org/cer/
Putri, D. T., Setiono, S., & Ramdhan, B. (2021). Profil keterampilan proses sains peserta didik menggunakan model pembelajaran 9E learning cycle at home melalui pembelajaran daring. Biodik, 7(3), 164–175. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22437/bio.v7i3.13718
Rahmah, N., Iswadi, I., Asiah, A., Hasanuddin, H., & Syafrianti, D. (2021). Analisis kendala praktikum biologi di sekolah menengah atas. Biodik, 7(2), 169–178. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22437/bio.v7i2.12777
Shana, Z. (2020). Science practical work and its impact on students' science achievement. Journal of Technology and Science Education, 10(2), 234–245. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3926/jotse.888
Sholihan, M. I. W., Maridi, M., Ariyanto, J., & Setyanti, I. (2017). Inkuiri terbimbing sebagai cara meningkatkan penguasaan keterampilan proses sains siswa kelas X MIA SMA. Bioedukasi UNS, 10(1), 1-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.20961/bioedukasi-uns.v10i1.8476
Supriatno, B. (2018, October). Praktikum untuk membangun kompetensi. In Proceeding Biology Education Conference (Vol. 15, No. 1, pp. 1-18). Retrieved from https://jurnal.uns.ac.id/prosbi/article/view/27558
Sypsas, A., Paxinou, E., & Kalles, D. (2020). Reviewing inquiry-based learning approaches in virtual laboratory environment for science education. Διεθνές Συνέδριο Για Την Ανοικτή & Εξ Αποστάσεως Εκπαίδευση, 10, 74-89. DOI: https://doi.org/10.12681/icodl.2288
Trisianawati, E., & Darmawan, H. (2017). Pengembangan lembar kegiatan mahasiswa berbasis model guided inquiry untuk meningkatkan keterampilan proses sains mahasiswa. VOX EDUKASI: Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Pendidikan, 8(2), 60-71. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31932/ve.v8i2.38
Ulus, B., & Oner, D. (2020). Fostering middle school students’ knowledge integration using the web-based inquiry science environment (WISE). Journal of Science Education and Technology, 29, 242–256. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10956-019-09809-4
Widodo, W., Pramasdyahsari, A. S., Setyawati, R. D., Aini, S. N., Nusuki, U., Arum, J. P., Astutik, I. D., Zuliah, N., & Salmah, U. (2023). Fostering students’ mathematical critical thinking skills on number patterns through digital book STEM PjBL. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 19(7), em2297. DOI: https://doi.org/10.29333/ejmste/13342
Yacoubian, H. A. (2024). Critical thinking skills development for 21st century: An analysis of biology curriculum. Voyage Journal of Educational Studies, 4(1), 129–136. DOI: https://doi.org/10.37948/vjes.v4i1.129
Zahra, F., Wahyuni, S., & Prasetyo, A. (2021). Analisis proses konstruksi pengetahuan dalam pembelajaran sains berbasis fenomena. Jurnal Pendidikan Sains Indonesia, 9(2), 112–123. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1234/jpsi.v9i2.2021
Zhang, W., Guan, Y., & Hu, Z. (2024). The efficacy of project-based learning in enhancing computational thinking among students: A meta-analysis of 31 experiments and quasi-experiments. Education and Information Technologies, 29, 14513–14545. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-023-12392-2
Zidan, Z., & Supriatno, B. (2023). Analisis dan rekonstruksi desain kegiatan laboratorium mitosis akar bawang merah (Allium cepa) melalui model ANCOR. Biodik: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Biologi, 9(3), 37–49. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17509/aijbe.v7i1.66426
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/bino.v7i3.22387
Article Metrics
Abstract view : 450 timesPDF - 333 times
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2025 BIO-INOVED : Jurnal Biologi-Inovasi Pendidikan

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Managed by: |
Journal License: |
.png)








.png)
















